Efeito do Co-Intercalante CIS-13-Docosenamida na Morfologia e Propriedades Mecânicas de compósitos Polipropileno/Argila Organofílica

Abstract

PolyTech, Prospect CT, USAResumo: Compósitos de PP/argila/PP-g-MA/erucamida contendo 5% (em peso) de argila montmorilonita organofílica (Cloisite 20A), 5 e 15% de PP-g-MA como agente compatibilizante e 0, 0,5% e 1% de cis-13-docosenamida (erucamida) como agente co-intercalante, foram preparados por intercalação no estado fundido. Concentrados de argila e compatibilizantes foram processados em misturador interno e em seguida diluídos com a matriz de polipropileno em extrusora de dupla rosca corrotacional. Os compósitos foram caracterizados através das propriedades mecânicas, difração de raios X e microscopia óptica. Os resultados indicaram o efeito reforçante da argila organofilizada. A presença de co-intercalante aumentou significativamente a distância interlamelar da argila em todos os compósitos, em geral, não afetando notavelmente o comportamento mecânico dos compósitos. Por microscopia óptica foi possível observar o efeito dispersivo do perfil de rosca utilizado, que promoveu a quebra dos aglomerados de argila. Palavras-chave: Polipropileno, nanocompósitos, co-intercalante, propriedades mecânicas. Effect of CIS-13-Docosenamide Cointercalation on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Organoclay CompositesAbstract: PP/organoclay/PP-g-MA/erucamide composites with 5% commercial organo-montmorillonite (Cloisite 20A), 5 and 15% maleated polypropylene as compatibilizer, and 0, 0.5 and 1% erucamide as a co-intercalating agent were prepared by melt intercalation. A masterbatch of compatibilizer and organoclay was compounded in an internal mixer and then diluted in the polypropylene matrix in a corotating twin-screw extruder. The compounds were characterized by x-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and mechanical properties. Results indicate that the organoclay acted as a reinforcer. Addition of the co-intercalating agent significantly increased the interlayer spacing of the clay, without notably affecting the mechanical behavior of the composites. Optical microscopy showed the dispersive effect of the screw profile used, which promoted the breaking of clay agglomerates.

Effect of Cis‐13‐docosenamide in the Properties of Compatibilized Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites

“…The angle changed from 7.1°, related to the clay, to 4.24°, related to the nanocomposite, increasing the basal interplanar distance from 1.24 nm to 2.08 nm, corresponding to an increase of 67.74%, indicating a possible intercalation of the polymer in the clay layers, but without disruption of this structure. Furthermore, for this system, it was possible to observe the presence of a shoulder between 6° and 7° which was also obtained by Alves et al …”

“…The presence of erucamide significantly increases the levels of interaction between the polymer/clay in comparison to composites prepared by conventional methods using PPgMA …”

“…Alves et al . observed in studies with homopolymer polypropylene/organophilic clay/PP‐g‐MA/erucamide nanocomposites that increasing the compatibilizer and cointercalant content, large changes in the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the systems studied does not occur.…”

Effect of Cis‐13‐docosenamide in the Properties of Compatibilized Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites

“…The angle changed from 7.1°, related to the clay, to 4.24°, related to the nanocomposite, increasing the basal interplanar distance from 1.24 nm to 2.08 nm, corresponding to an increase of 67.74%, indicating a possible intercalation of the polymer in the clay layers, but without disruption of this structure. Furthermore, for this system, it was possible to observe the presence of a shoulder between 6° and 7° which was also obtained by Alves et al …”

“…The presence of erucamide significantly increases the levels of interaction between the polymer/clay in comparison to composites prepared by conventional methods using PPgMA …”

“…Alves et al . observed in studies with homopolymer polypropylene/organophilic clay/PP‐g‐MA/erucamide nanocomposites that increasing the compatibilizer and cointercalant content, large changes in the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the systems studied does not occur.…”

Effect of Reprocessing Cycles on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of a Poly(Propylene)/Poly(Hydroxybutyrate) Blend and its Nanocomposite

“…These results correspond to the formation of an intercalated structure at this stage of processing, which facilitates the formation of a dispersed phase nanocomposite. These results are in agreement with those of Alves et al 22 , who investigated the influence of different contents of PP-g-MA and erucamide on the characteristics of PP/clay nanocomposites. Those authors observed that the PP-g-MA incorporation led to an increase in the basal interplanar distance of all composites and that intercalated structures were obtained.…”

Biodegradable Compounds of Poly (Ɛ-Caprolactone)/Montmorillonite Clays

“…It is believed that in PCL/Clay compounds the added particles can act as stress concentrators preventing the proper energy dissipation mechanisms thus reducing the impact strength. [40][41][42] Figure 7 shows SEM images of neat PCL with evidence of extensive roughness characterizing ductile fracture with elastic and plastic deformation, thus providing fracture with high energy absorption, results that agree with those presented for maximum elongation in Table 2. Figures 8 and 9 present SEM images for PCL/CLNa and PCL/MMT, respectively.…”

Effect of Cis‐13‐docosenamide in the Properties of Compatibilized Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites

“…The angle changed from 7.1°, related to the clay, to 4.24°, related to the nanocomposite, increasing the basal interplanar distance from 1.24 nm to 2.08 nm, corresponding to an increase of 67.74%, indicating a possible intercalation of the polymer in the clay layers, but without disruption of this structure. Furthermore, for this system, it was possible to observe the presence of a shoulder between 6° and 7° which was also obtained by Alves et al …”

“…The presence of erucamide significantly increases the levels of interaction between the polymer/clay in comparison to composites prepared by conventional methods using PPgMA …”

“…Alves et al . observed in studies with homopolymer polypropylene/organophilic clay/PP‐g‐MA/erucamide nanocomposites that increasing the compatibilizer and cointercalant content, large changes in the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the systems studied does not occur.…”

Effect of Reprocessing Cycles on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of a Poly(Propylene)/Poly(Hydroxybutyrate) Blend and its Nanocomposite

“…These results correspond to the formation of an intercalated structure at this stage of processing, which facilitates the formation of a dispersed phase nanocomposite. These results are in agreement with those of Alves et al 22 , who investigated the influence of different contents of PP-g-MA and erucamide on the characteristics of PP/clay nanocomposites. Those authors observed that the PP-g-MA incorporation led to an increase in the basal interplanar distance of all composites and that intercalated structures were obtained.…”

Biodegradable Compounds of Poly (Ɛ-Caprolactone)/Montmorillonite Clays

“…It is believed that in PCL/Clay compounds the added particles can act as stress concentrators preventing the proper energy dissipation mechanisms thus reducing the impact strength. [40][41][42] Figure 7 shows SEM images of neat PCL with evidence of extensive roughness characterizing ductile fracture with elastic and plastic deformation, thus providing fracture with high energy absorption, results that agree with those presented for maximum elongation in Table 2. Figures 8 and 9 present SEM images for PCL/CLNa and PCL/MMT, respectively.…”

Effect of Cis‐13‐docosenamide in the Properties of Compatibilized Polypropylene/Clay Nanocomposites

“…The angle changed from 7.1°, related to the clay, to 4.24°, related to the nanocomposite, increasing the basal interplanar distance from 1.24 nm to 2.08 nm, corresponding to an increase of 67.74%, indicating a possible intercalation of the polymer in the clay layers, but without disruption of this structure. Furthermore, for this system, it was possible to observe the presence of a shoulder between 6° and 7° which was also obtained by Alves et al …”

“…The presence of erucamide significantly increases the levels of interaction between the polymer/clay in comparison to composites prepared by conventional methods using PPgMA …”

“…Alves et al . observed in studies with homopolymer polypropylene/organophilic clay/PP‐g‐MA/erucamide nanocomposites that increasing the compatibilizer and cointercalant content, large changes in the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of the systems studied does not occur.…”

Effect of Reprocessing Cycles on the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of a Poly(Propylene)/Poly(Hydroxybutyrate) Blend and its Nanocomposite

“…These results correspond to the formation of an intercalated structure at this stage of processing, which facilitates the formation of a dispersed phase nanocomposite. These results are in agreement with those of Alves et al 22 , who investigated the influence of different contents of PP-g-MA and erucamide on the characteristics of PP/clay nanocomposites. Those authors observed that the PP-g-MA incorporation led to an increase in the basal interplanar distance of all composites and that intercalated structures were obtained.…”

Biodegradable Compounds of Poly (Ɛ-Caprolactone)/Montmorillonite Clays

“…It is believed that in PCL/Clay compounds the added particles can act as stress concentrators preventing the proper energy dissipation mechanisms thus reducing the impact strength. [40][41][42] Figure 7 shows SEM images of neat PCL with evidence of extensive roughness characterizing ductile fracture with elastic and plastic deformation, thus providing fracture with high energy absorption, results that agree with those presented for maximum elongation in Table 2. Figures 8 and 9 present SEM images for PCL/CLNa and PCL/MMT, respectively.…”