Association between pregnancy intention and optimal breastfeeding practices in the Philippines: a cross-sectional study1

Abstract

BackgroundThe effect of pregnancy intention on post-natal practices like breastfeeding is still poorly understood in the Philippines. In this light, this study aims to determine the association between pregnancy intention and optimal breastfeeding practices in the Philippines.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study design using the 2003 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent association of pregnancy intention and optimal breastfeeding practices. The study includes 3,044 last-born children aged 6–36 months at the time of survey. Dead children were also included as long as their age of death satisfies the age criterion.ResultsChildren born from mistimed pregnancies are more likely to have late breastfeeding initiation compared to children born from wanted pregnancies (OR = 1.44; 90%CI: 1.17-1.78). However, this occurs only among children belonging to households with low socio-economic status. Among children belonging to households with high socio-economic status, no significant effect of pregnancy intention on breastfeeding initiation was observed. Children born from unwanted pregnancies are less likely to have short breastfeeding duration (OR = 0.60; 90%CI: 0.48-0.76). However, this occurs only among children belonging to households with high socioeconomic status. No significant effect of pregnancy intention on breastfeeding duration was observed among children belonging to households with low socio-economic status.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that there are different effects of pregnancy intention on the two types of optimal breastfeeding practices examined. With regards to breastfeeding duration, it was found that among infants belonging to high SES, the odds of having short breastfeeding duration is lower among children born from unwanted pregnancies compared to children born from wanted one. Conversely, children belonging to low SES household, the odds of having late breastfeeding initiation among children born from mistimed pregnancies are higher compared to children born from wanted pregnancies.

Impacto da intenção de engravidar sobre a amamentação na primeira hora pós-parto

“…The lower propensity for breastfeeding in the first hour postpartum among women who did not want to become pregnant, who wanted to wait longer to become pregnant, and were dissatisfied when they found out they were pregnant, revealed an association between unintended pregnancies and unfavorable results regarding early initiation of breastfeeding among northeastern puerperae, with a worse result observed among those who were dissatisfied when they learned about the pregnancy. These findings confirm the international literature, which has shown low breastfeeding rates [21][22][23][24][25] and other un-favorable outcomes associated with unintended pregnancies, such as premature birth and low birth weight 36 .…”

“…The results reinforce the assumption that breastfeeding practices can be affected by the intention to become pregnant [21][22][23]25 , which causes concern, as there is a high prevalence of unintended pregnancies among the participants, showing that the needs for reproductive planning may not be being met in the Northeastern population, which may have a multifactorial cause.…”

“…In this sense, a study revealed a higher propensity for late initiation of breastfeeding among children from unwanted pregnancies. However, this result was observed only among children belonging to families of low socioeconomic status 23 . Nonetheless, in this study, the sociodemographic aspects were not significant after adjusting analyses, reinforcing that unintended pregnancy can affect timely breastfeeding regardless of women's socioeconomic context.…”

Impacto da intenção de engravidar sobre a amamentação na primeira hora pós-parto

“…The lower propensity for breastfeeding in the first hour postpartum among women who did not want to become pregnant, who wanted to wait longer to become pregnant, and were dissatisfied when they found out they were pregnant, revealed an association between unintended pregnancies and unfavorable results regarding early initiation of breastfeeding among northeastern puerperae, with a worse result observed among those who were dissatisfied when they learned about the pregnancy. These findings confirm the international literature, which has shown low breastfeeding rates [21][22][23][24][25] and other un-favorable outcomes associated with unintended pregnancies, such as premature birth and low birth weight 36 .…”

“…The results reinforce the assumption that breastfeeding practices can be affected by the intention to become pregnant [21][22][23]25 , which causes concern, as there is a high prevalence of unintended pregnancies among the participants, showing that the needs for reproductive planning may not be being met in the Northeastern population, which may have a multifactorial cause.…”

“…In this sense, a study revealed a higher propensity for late initiation of breastfeeding among children from unwanted pregnancies. However, this result was observed only among children belonging to families of low socioeconomic status 23 . Nonetheless, in this study, the sociodemographic aspects were not significant after adjusting analyses, reinforcing that unintended pregnancy can affect timely breastfeeding regardless of women's socioeconomic context.…”

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Postpartum Woman

“…Higher self-efficacy scores were also observed, similar to this study, in women who had a planned pregnancy [ 29 , 30 ]. In view of this, unwanted pregnancy may be a factor associated with reduced breastfeeding duration by exposing women to psychosocial stress, which may inhibit the practice of desirable health behaviors.…”

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Its Associated Factors Among Mothers Who Delivered Vaginally in South Gondar Zone Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020

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Impacto da intenção de engravidar sobre a amamentação na primeira hora pós-parto

“…The lower propensity for breastfeeding in the first hour postpartum among women who did not want to become pregnant, who wanted to wait longer to become pregnant, and were dissatisfied when they found out they were pregnant, revealed an association between unintended pregnancies and unfavorable results regarding early initiation of breastfeeding among northeastern puerperae, with a worse result observed among those who were dissatisfied when they learned about the pregnancy. These findings confirm the international literature, which has shown low breastfeeding rates [21][22][23][24][25] and other un-favorable outcomes associated with unintended pregnancies, such as premature birth and low birth weight 36 .…”

“…The results reinforce the assumption that breastfeeding practices can be affected by the intention to become pregnant [21][22][23]25 , which causes concern, as there is a high prevalence of unintended pregnancies among the participants, showing that the needs for reproductive planning may not be being met in the Northeastern population, which may have a multifactorial cause.…”

“…In this sense, a study revealed a higher propensity for late initiation of breastfeeding among children from unwanted pregnancies. However, this result was observed only among children belonging to families of low socioeconomic status 23 . Nonetheless, in this study, the sociodemographic aspects were not significant after adjusting analyses, reinforcing that unintended pregnancy can affect timely breastfeeding regardless of women's socioeconomic context.…”

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Postpartum Woman

“…Higher self-efficacy scores were also observed, similar to this study, in women who had a planned pregnancy [ 29 , 30 ]. In view of this, unwanted pregnancy may be a factor associated with reduced breastfeeding duration by exposing women to psychosocial stress, which may inhibit the practice of desirable health behaviors.…”

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Its Associated Factors Among Mothers Who Delivered Vaginally in South Gondar Zone Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020

“……”

Impacto da intenção de engravidar sobre a amamentação na primeira hora pós-parto

“…The lower propensity for breastfeeding in the first hour postpartum among women who did not want to become pregnant, who wanted to wait longer to become pregnant, and were dissatisfied when they found out they were pregnant, revealed an association between unintended pregnancies and unfavorable results regarding early initiation of breastfeeding among northeastern puerperae, with a worse result observed among those who were dissatisfied when they learned about the pregnancy. These findings confirm the international literature, which has shown low breastfeeding rates [21][22][23][24][25] and other un-favorable outcomes associated with unintended pregnancies, such as premature birth and low birth weight 36 .…”

“…The results reinforce the assumption that breastfeeding practices can be affected by the intention to become pregnant [21][22][23]25 , which causes concern, as there is a high prevalence of unintended pregnancies among the participants, showing that the needs for reproductive planning may not be being met in the Northeastern population, which may have a multifactorial cause.…”

“…In this sense, a study revealed a higher propensity for late initiation of breastfeeding among children from unwanted pregnancies. However, this result was observed only among children belonging to families of low socioeconomic status 23 . Nonetheless, in this study, the sociodemographic aspects were not significant after adjusting analyses, reinforcing that unintended pregnancy can affect timely breastfeeding regardless of women's socioeconomic context.…”

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy in Postpartum Woman

“…Higher self-efficacy scores were also observed, similar to this study, in women who had a planned pregnancy [ 29 , 30 ]. In view of this, unwanted pregnancy may be a factor associated with reduced breastfeeding duration by exposing women to psychosocial stress, which may inhibit the practice of desirable health behaviors.…”

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding and Its Associated Factors Among Mothers Who Delivered Vaginally in South Gondar Zone Hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020

“……”