A review of the structure and dynamics of araucaria mixed forests in southern Brazil and northern Argentina

Souza, Alexandre F.

doi:10.1080/0028825x.2020.1810712

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Conservative leaves also characterize mixed conifer–hardwood forests in southern Brazil and northern Argentina, where cold stress become an important effect along with shading (Souza, 2020). Under cold stress, leaves can suffer dehydration, low enzymatic activity, damage to the membrane or even necrosis, which are avoided by investing in C‐rich physical structures that increase durability (Yadav, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under cold stress, leaves can suffer dehydration, low enzymatic activity, damage to the membrane or even necrosis, which are avoided by investing in C‐rich physical structures that increase durability (Yadav, 2010). It has been suggested that mixed conifer–hardwood forests have the most distinct phylogenetic composition in the Atlantic Forest due to the presence of the conifer Araucaria angustifolia as well as sets of species of Austral‐Antarctic origin (Rezende et al, 2020; Souza, 2020). Myrtaceae, Melastomataceae and Lauraceae are abundant families in this region as well (Duarte et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Historical and current environmental selection on functional traits of trees in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

Silva

Souza

Vitória

2021

J Vegetation Science

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Questions How is community functional composition associated with environmental and historical factors and how is this relationship mediated by spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelation? Location Atlantic Forest of South America. Methods We compiled abundance data of 2,122 species (most trees) distributed across 281 communities, seven functional traits, and 29 environmental and historical predictors. We mapped traits using community‐weighted means, and related traits to predictors by combining the fourth‐corner and the extended RLQ approaches. Results We found that decreases in rainfall, soil nutrition, biome stability in the last 120 kyr, and the increase in thermal variability were associated with high specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf N content, and reduced leaf thickness. In addition, increased temperature and soil sand content, and low biome stability in the last 21 kyr were associated with high wood density and leaf dry matter content, and reduced maximum plant height. Tree communities rich in taxa with N‐rich thin leaves and high SLA were mostly located in semideciduous and deciduous forests (e.g., Fabaceae), while communities rich in taxa with N‐poor thick leaves and low SLA were mostly found in rain forests (e.g., Myrtaceae and Lauraceae). Species with short stature, high wood density and heavy leaves were particularly abundant in the northern part of the Atlantic Forest (e.g., Myrtaceae), whereas tall species with light wood and leaves were abundant in the south (e.g., Lauraceae). There was not a particular direction in which seed dry mass increased most in response to predictors. Conclusions Our study reinforces the view that the multifaceted nature of community assembly needs analytical approaches that integrate abundance, functional, phylogenetic, and spatial data to properly understand how environmental and historical factors determine the dominance of functional traits. The observed patterns suggest that different regions of a given biome function in different ways, and probably provide different ecosystem services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and current environmental selection on functional traits of trees in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

Silva

Souza

Vitória

2021

J Vegetation Science

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“…These forests constitute a clear example of an ecoregion (Olson et al, 2001) that can be constrained by climate change given their narrow climatic requirements (i.e., low temperatures and high rainfall) and their fragmented distribution. These are relict forests of a coniferous forest that was more widespread in the past (Rambo, 1951; Souza, 2020) where several humid‐ and cold‐adapted tree species are currently at great risk — e.g., ancient conifers like Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (Wilson et al, 2019) and Podocarpus lambertii Klotzsch ex Endl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution shifts, potential refugia, and the performance of protected areas under climate change in the Araucaria moist forests ecoregion

Saraiva

Esser

Grasel

et al. 2021

Applied Vegetation Science

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Aim: Araucaria moist forests are particularly vulnerable to climate change due to their strict climatic requirements and patchy distribution. Therefore, identifying areas where these forests are expected to lose or retain climatically suitable space (i.e., climate change refugia) is urgently required. Here, we modeled the current and future climatic suitability for Araucaria moist forests aiming: (a) to identify areas of suitable climate (i.e., in situ and ex situ refugia); (b) to identify areas of climate retraction; and (c) to assess the effectiveness of protected areas to capture climatically suitable space.Location: Araucaria moist forests ecoregion, southern Brazil and northeast Argentina.Methods: We mapped the potential distribution of Araucaria moist forests using an ensemble forecasting approach with 18 indicator tree species (all wet-and cold-adapted taxa), six algorithms, eight global circulation models, three representative concentration pathways (RCPs 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), and three periods (current, 2050, and 2070). Results:We predicted substantial losses of future climatic suitability across almost the entire range where these forests occur, ranging from 43% to 64% under optimistic (RCP4.5/2050) and high-emissions (RCP8.5/2070) scenarios. We found that the protected-areas network captured only 3% of the climatically suitable space under current conditions. We found that only 4% (top 1% of cells) and 12% (top 5% of cells) of the potential refugia would be protected in the future, with less than half of their areas corresponding to in situ refugia.Conclusions: Projected losses of potential distribution and the low efficacy of protected areas to buffer climate change impacts point to a high-risk scenario for Araucaria moist forests in the near future. Cold-adapted tree species likely will face increased extinction risk, especially as climate change will interact with other anthropogenic drivers.

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“…Such changes in population ecological behavior at different successional stages after disturbances were proposed for the Paraná pine, Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze (Araucariaceae) in several studies carried out in the Atlantic Forest region (Bortoncello 2008;Paludo et al 2009;Souza 2020). In general, to determine the impact of the use of the resource in the short term, it is necessary to carry out periodic measurements and determine the dynamics of the populations in each settlement incorporating other factors that may affect distribution patterns (palm grove size, socio-economic characteristics, other productive activities, and access to other resources as welfare programs of government agencies, and NGOs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape management among the Guarani of the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina: the case of the Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Arecaceae) palm tree

Araujo¹,

Rojas²,

Keller³

et al. 2021

Ethnobio Conserv

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The study of the management practices that different Guarani settlements have carried out in the environment over time constitutes one of the objectives of ethnoecology and historical ecology as the way through which these communities obtain forest resources affects landscape settings. In this work, based on a local classification system of the ontogenic stages of the pindo palm tree Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Arecaceae), we study the effects of traditional management practices on the unity of the pindoty landscape -plant communities with a high concentration of this species. We evaluated the degree to which two morphometric variables used in the measurements of woody tree species, diameter at chest height (DBH) and total height (H), explain the local classification. As a result, in the environment of four Guarani settlements (Ita Piru, Kurupayty, Pindo Poty, and Yvyra Pepe Poty), the production of edible larvae favors temporary changes in the pindoty landscape unit since it produces changes in pindo population's structure -(abundances by class size). In addition, we discuss some aspects of the pindoty units and their anthropogenic nature concluding that their evolution results from the Guarani cyclical cosmological conception.

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A review of the structure and dynamics of araucaria mixed forests in southern Brazil and northern Argentina

Cited by 20 publications

References 269 publications

Historical and current environmental selection on functional traits of trees in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

Historical and current environmental selection on functional traits of trees in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

Distribution shifts, potential refugia, and the performance of protected areas under climate change in the Araucaria moist forests ecoregion

Landscape management among the Guarani of the Atlantic Forest of Misiones, Argentina: the case of the Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman (Arecaceae) palm tree

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