Users’ Acceptance and Sense of Presence towards VR Application with Stimulus Effectors on a Stationary Bicycle for Physical Training

Mahalil, Imran Bin; Yusof, Azmi bin Mohd.; Ibrahim, Nazrita Binti; Mahidin, Eze Manzura Binti Mohd; Hwa, Ng Hui

doi:10.14569/ijacsa.2022.0130608

Cited by 2 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To solve the above-mentioned tasks, we used theoretical and empirical methods of research, tested in scientific research devoted to the economic and information spheres of social development. Among the theoretical methods, we include the collection and analysis of scientific sources on the topic [23]. We used empirical research methods (expert survey) to collect quantitative data [24] with mathematical processing of results using the Kendall concordance coefficient (W) [25].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxation Transformation under the Influence of Industry 4.0

Строев¹,

Fattakhov²,

Pivovarova³

et al. 2022

IJACSA

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Today the growing level of automation and the new concept of online technologies are transforming the traditional industry. Value is generated with the help of Industry 4.0 technologies that not only increase the efficiency and agility of supply chains, create new products and offer new ways of connecting businesses and consumers but also have a major impact on the traditional tax system. This study aims at determining changes in the modern industrial economy and substantiating possible directions for transforming the tax system to adapt it to the requirements of Industry 4.0. The objective is to identify the relationship between the digitalization of the economy, the use of blockchain technologies, robotics, automation, M2M technologies offered by Industry 4.0, and taxation. The article demonstrates how these technologies influence taxes and proposes measures to address possible tax issues. The authors of the article have concluded that the reasons (and goals) for transforming the current tax system as a result of the development of Industry 4.0 technologies are as follows: 1) to increase or stabilize tax revenues to compensate for tax losses and finance new education needs; 2) to introduce innovations for the development of Industry 4.0 and further digitalization of the economy; 3) to create an automatic tax administration system.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxation Transformation under the Influence of Industry 4.0

Строев¹,

Fattakhov²,

Pivovarova³

et al. 2022

IJACSA

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“…As discussed above, using a limited set of effectors may improve cyclists' performance. It is also anticipated that cyclists' perception of presence will improve when more effectors are integrated into the system [7].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In relation to cycling performance training, it is suggested by the researchers that the following six effectors are utilised: altitude, uphill elevation climb, realistic visuals and audio, realistic interaction, and temperature. As discussed in the authors' previous study, these effectors are obtained from the survey conducted [6,7]. This research focuses on Virtual Reality (VR) performance cycling training setups using a combination of stimulus effectors as explained in the authors' previous paper [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…vProCycle uses a combination of stimulus effectors: uphill elevation climb, altitude, temperature, interaction, visual, and audio. In the author's previous study, the technology acceptance and presence towards the vProCycle were analysed during the pilot study [7]. From this pilot study, Imran concluded that the vProCycle's participants have given a high score on the technology acceptance and perception of presence [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the author's previous study, the technology acceptance and presence towards the vProCycle were analysed during the pilot study [7]. From this pilot study, Imran concluded that the vProCycle's participants have given a high score on the technology acceptance and perception of presence [7]. On the other hand, this paper focuses on the cyclists' heartrate level measured in Beat Per Minute (BPM), and speed measured in Kilometres Per Hour (KMPH).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Fully Immersive Virtual Reality Cycling Training (vProCycle) and its Findings

Mahalil¹,

Yusof²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2023

IJACSA

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Virtual reality (VR) technology is popularly applied in various sports training such as cycling, rowing, soccer, tennis and many more. In VR cycling, however, cyclists are not able to fully immerse themselves during the training due to the hardware and applications limitations required in the setup. In order to be fully immersed during the training, cyclists need to have similar effects to an outdoor training where they will experience cycling resistance, temperature effect, altitude, visual, and audio. For this reason, dedicated stimulus effectors or hardware are required to create these expected effects. On cycling resistance, a realistic cycling experience can be simulated by using a special device that simulates a resistance to the back wheel when cycling uphill in the VR simulation. In addition, the back wheel resistance would need to match the view displayed while paddling on an elevation slope. For higher immersion purposes, and the effect of temperature must be created that matches with the view visible in the display. For example, while the cyclist is on top of a virtual mountain, the cyclist would want to feel the effects of high altitude and low temperature. These stimulus effectors affect the realism experience while cycling in the VR simulation training. In the authors' previous papers, the setup using a combination of stimulus effectors including uphill elevation climb, altitude, temperature, interaction, visual, and audio were integrated into a product called vProCycle. The study tested on vProcycle was conducted with an assumption that virtual reality can enhance the experience of physical cycling training. The objective of this study is to determine whether or not vProCycle may improve cyclists' performance. This paper will discuss in detail the findings from data gathered during the experiment using vProCycle. More specifically, the findings are focused on the speed and the heart rate beats per minute which determine their performance improvement.

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