Association Between Breast Milk Bacterial Communities and Establishment and Development of the Infant Gut Microbiome

Pannaraj, Pia S.; Li, Fan; Cerini, Chiara; Bender, Jeffrey M.; Yang, Shangxin; Rollie, Adrienne; Adisetiyo, Helty; Zabih, Sara; Lincez, Pamela J.; Bittinger, Kyle; Bailey, Aubrey; Bushman, Frederic D.; Sleasman, John W.; Aldrovandi, Grace M.

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.0378

Cited by 735 publications

(742 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…This suggests that the infant gut microbiota is already programmed before birth, leading to the hypothesis that the mother's microbiota has a bigger influence on the neonate's gut microbiota than the mode of delivery or feeding type. On the other hand, it was reported that 27.7% of gut microbiota at 1 month of age are derived from bacteria in breast milk, while 10.4% are from bacteria on the skin of the breast [28]. Therefore, the effect of direct BF on gut microbiota is substantial, and we believe that even a small consumption of breast milk might help correct the dysbiosis brought about by CS, considering the fact that in this study all formula-fed neonates were partially breastfed.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Delivery Mode and Nutrition on Gut Microbiota in Neonates

et al. 2019

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Background/Aims: The mode of delivery (vaginal or cesarean section) and feeding type (breastfeeding or formula feeding) of neonates are considered the most influential factors in the development of gut microbiota. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of prebiotic-rich breast milk on overcoming gut microbiota dysbiosis. Method: Stool samples from 36 healthy Japanese neonates were obtained at 4 days and 1 month of age, and divided into 4 groups based on mode of delivery and feeding type. The gut microbiota composition and bacterial diversity were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: At 4 days old, vaginally delivered neonates had a significantly higher diversity of bacteria than those born by cesarean section. Bacteroidales and Enterobacteriales were overrepresented in vaginally delivered neonates (p = 0.0031 and p = 0.011), while Bacillales and Lactobacillales were overrepresented in caesarean section delivered neonates (p = 0.012 and p = 0.0016). However, there was little difference in bacterial diversity and bacterial relative abundance at 1 month of age between groups. Conclusions: Cesarean section delivery appeared to reduce the diversity of neonate gut microbiota, resulting in dysbiosis, but this improved to the equivalent level seen in vaginally delivered infants by 1 month of age. Breastfeeding, even for short periods, may therefore improve neonate gut dysbiosis.

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Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Delivery Mode and Nutrition on Gut Microbiota in Neonates

et al. 2019

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“…26 These early seeding events may be the mechanism by which breast milk can protect children against such autoimmune diseases like asthma and type 1 diabetes. 27 …”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 In a study of 107 healthy women who were breastfeeding their infants for the first 30 days of life, the gut microbiome changed in a dose-dependent manner with 27.7% of the mean bacteria being derived from breast milk and 10.3 % from areola skin. 27 …”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Early Life, Diet, and the Environment on the Microbiome

Dong

Gupta

2019

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

138

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Advances in sequencing technology and bioinformatics have greatly enhanced our ability to understand the human microbiome. Over the last decade, a growing body of literature has linked nutrition and the environment to the microbiome and is now thought to be an important contributor to overall health. This paper reviews the literature from the past 10 years to highlight the influence of environmental factors such as diet, early life adversity and stress in shaping and modifying our microbiome towards health and disease. The review shows that many factors such as the mode of delivery, breast milk, stress, diet and medications can greatly influence the development of our gut microbiome and potentially make us more prone to certain diseases. By incorporating environmental factors into models that study the microbiome in the setting of health and disease, may provide a better understanding of disease and potentially new areas of treatment. To highlight this, we will additionally explore the role of the environment and the microbiome in the development of obesity and functional bowel disorders.

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“…Two lactic acid bacteria strains, Lactococcus lactis and L. salivarius, were orally administered to pregnant dams and later detected in mammary tissue and milk [27]. While the breast milk microbiota influences immune development postpartum [28][29][30], the composition of these microbiota is partly shaped prior to delivery and is dependent on gut microbiota during pregnancy [1]. Therefore, gut composition prior to delivery indirectly drives early offspring immune development via the gut-breast milk axis.…”

Section: Gut-breast Milk Bacterial Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of maternal microbiota during pregnancy on infant immunity

Nyangahu

Jaspan

2019

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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Microbiota from various maternal sites, including the gut, vagina and breast milk, are known to influence colonization in infants. However, emerging evidence suggests that these sites may exert their influence prior to delivery, in turn influencing fetal immune development. The dogma of a sterile womb continues to be challenged. Regardless, there is convincing evidence that the composition of the maternal gut prior to delivery influences neonatal immunity. Therefore, while the presence and function of placental microbiome is not clear, there is consensus that the gut microbiota during pregnancy is a critical determinant of offspring health. Data supporting the notion of bacterial translocation from the maternal gut to extra-intestinal sites during pregnancy are emerging, and potentially explain the presence of bacteria in breast milk. Much evidence suggests that the maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy potentially determines the development of atopy and autoimmune phenotypes in offspring. Here, we highlight the role of the maternal microbiota prior to delivery on infant immunity and predisposition to diseases. Moreover, we discuss potential mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon.

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Association Between Breast Milk Bacterial Communities and Establishment and Development of the Infant Gut Microbiome

Cited by 735 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of Delivery Mode and Nutrition on Gut Microbiota in Neonates

Effect of Delivery Mode and Nutrition on Gut Microbiota in Neonates

Influence of Early Life, Diet, and the Environment on the Microbiome

Influence of maternal microbiota during pregnancy on infant immunity

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