Sex and the nose: human pheromonal responses

Bhutta, Mahmood F.

doi:10.1177/014107680710000612

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…The axillary odour is stronger given differences in the bacterial populations at the different sites. Young females are often hypersensitive to the resulting axillary malodour, perhaps because male body odour from this site acts as a human pheromone [6]. Sweat from the eccrine gland mainly consists of water (99%) and amino acids, ions, lactic acid, glycerol, urea, peptides and proteins (particularly cysteine containing) [31,32].…”

Section: Sweat Glands and Body Odourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clearly, the ability to appreciate underarm and foot odours depends solely on an individual's evolutionary culture and perceptual development. However, the emission of odourless human pheromones has been reviewed and is becoming a popular discussion topic [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The human scent is genetically controlled and systemically influenced by dietary and medicinal intake, as well as the application of fragrance products [6][7][8]. Heavy sweating or hyperhidrosis, particularly at axillary sites, leads to unpleasant odours that cause social embarrassment and reduce self-confidence, especially among women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High levels of fragrance are often used in these products to mask malodour [10]. Surprisingly, there is little discussion of odour treatment products in the literature [6], in contrast to other personal care products [11,12]. This review will summarize the chemical composition and formation of body odour, the use of anti-perspirant, deodourant and herbal products to treat body odour, and a new class of treatment agents that do not change the balance of the skin's bacterial population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body malodours and their topical treatment agents

Kanlayavattanakul

Lourith

2011

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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SynopsisBody malodour, including foot odour, suppresses social interaction by diminishing self-confidence and accelerating damage to the wearer's clothes and shoes. Most treatment agents, including aluminium anti-perspirant salts, inhibit the growth of malodourous bacteria. These metallic salts also reduce sweat by blocking the excretory ducts of sweat glands, minimizing the water source that supports bacterial growth. However, there are some drawback effects that limit the use of aluminium anti-perspirant salts. In addition, over-the-counter anti-perspirant and deodourant products may not be sufficiently effective for heavy sweaters, and strong malodour producers. Body odour treatment agents are rarely mentioned in the literature compared with other cosmetic ingredients. This review briefly summarizes the relationship among sweat, skin bacteria, and body odour; describes how odourous acids, thiols, and steroids are formed; and discusses the active ingredients, including metallic salts and herbs, that are used to treat body odour. A new class of ingredients that function by regulating the release of malodourants will also be described. These ingredients do not alter the balance of the skin flora. Ré suméLes mauvaises odeurs corporelles, y compris celles des pieds, atté-nue l'interaction sociale en diminuant la confiance en soi et favorisant des dommages aux vêtements et aux chaussures portés. La plupart des agents inclus dans les traitements, y compris les sels d'aluminium antiperspirants, inhibent la croissance de bactéries malodorantes. Ces sels métalliques réduisent aussi la sueur en bloquant les canaux excréteurs des glandes sudoripares, réduisant ainsi au minimum l'eau, source de la croissance bactérienne. Cependant, il y a quelques inconvénients qui limitent l'utilisation de sels d'aluminium anti-transpirants. De plus, les produits antiperspirants et déodorants OTC peuvent ne pas être suffisamment efficaces pour des personnes produisant une grande quantité de sueur et producteurs de fortes odeurs. Les agents actifs sur les Odeurs corporelles sont rarement mentionnés dans la littérature comparativement à d'autres Ingrédients cosmétiques. Cette revue récapitule brièvement la relation entre la Sueur, les bactéries cutanées et l'odeur corporelle; elle décrit comment des acides odorants, des thiols, et des stéroïdes sont formés; et examine les principes actifs, y compris les sels métalliques et les végétaux utilisés pour traiter l'odeur corporelle. Une nouvelle classe d'ingrédients dont la fonction est de réguler la libération de mauvaises odeurs est également décrite. Ces ingrédients ne modifient pas l'équilibre de la flore cutanée.

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Section: Sweat Glands and Body Odourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body malodours and their topical treatment agents

Kanlayavattanakul

Lourith

2011

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…Com isso, foi proposto que neurônios corticais requerem combinações de informações de receptores para formar um novo mapa topográfico no córtex olfativo, dessa forma, o mapa topográfico olfativo se modifica ao longo de todo o seu percurso no sistema nervoso ZOU; Além dessa atuação no sistema olfativo, os aromas atuam também nos sistemas vomeronasal e trigeminal, considerados parte do sistema olfativo junto com o sistema olfativo propriamente dito (SAVIC, 2001;FIRESTEIN, 2002;BROUGHAN, 2002;BHUTTA, 2007).…”

Section: Os Primeiros Estudos Dos Mecanismos Neuroolfativos Foram Reaunclassified

A aromaterapia científica na visão psiconeuroendocrinoimunológica: um panorama atual da aromaterapia clínica e científica no mundo e da psiconeuroendocrinoimunologia

Lyra¹,

Vasconcelos²

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Nitrogen dioxide pollution exposure is associated with olfactory dysfunction in older U.S. adults

Adams

Ajmani

Pun

et al. 2016

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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Background Olfactory dysfunction has profound effects on quality of life, physical and social function, and mortality itself. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a pervasive air pollutant that is associated with respiratory diseases. Given the olfactory nerve’s anatomic exposure to airborne pollutants, we investigated the relationship between NO2 exposure and olfactory dysfunction. Methods The ability to identify odors was evaluated using a validated test in respondents from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), a representative probability sample of home-dwelling, older US adults ages 57–85. Exposure to NO2 pollution was assessed using measurements obtained from the US EPA AIRS ambient monitoring site closest to each respondent’s home. We tested the association between NO2 exposure and olfactory dysfunction using multivariate logistic regression. Results Among older adults in the US, 22.6% had impaired olfactory function, defined as ≤ 3 correct (out of 5) on the odor identification test. Median NO2 exposure during the 365 days prior to the interview date was 14.7 ppb (interquartile range [IQR] 10.8–19.7 ppb). An IQR increase in NO2 exposure was associated with increased odds of olfactory dysfunction (OR 1.35, 95% CI: 1.07–1.72), adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, cognition, comorbidity, smoking, and season of the home interview (n=1,823). Conclusion We show for the first time that NO2 exposure is associated with olfactory dysfunction in older US adults. These results suggest an important role for NO2 exposure on olfactory dysfunction, and, potentially, nasal disease more broadly.

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Sex and the nose: human pheromonal responses

Cited by 26 publications

References 68 publications

Body malodours and their topical treatment agents

Body malodours and their topical treatment agents

A aromaterapia científica na visão psiconeuroendocrinoimunológica: um panorama atual da aromaterapia clínica e científica no mundo e da psiconeuroendocrinoimunologia

Nitrogen dioxide pollution exposure is associated with olfactory dysfunction in older U.S. adults

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