Combined Effects of Caloric Restriction and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Elite Wrestlers

Mourier, Agnès; Bigard, A. X.; Kerviler, É. de; Roger, Bob; Legrand, H.; Guezennec, C. Y.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-972594

Cited by 84 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Given our finding that both visceral AT and liver fat accumulation were independent predictors of lipid and lipoprotein values, these observations provide insight into earlier studies, wherein it was reported that exercise has a modest effect on lipid and lipoprotein parameters when body weight is maintained (43). In other words, to the extent that CRF reflects participation in regular exercise, our findings suggest that the effects of exercise on lipid profile observed in the absence of weight loss are likely explained by the ability of exercise to induce a marked reduction in visceral adiposity and liver fat independent of a corresponding reduction in abdominal subcutaneous or total adiposity (33,41).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Visceral fat and liver fat are independent predictors of metabolic risk factors in men

Nguyen-Duy¹,

Nichaman

Church

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

226

167

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Visceral fat and liver fat are independent predictors of metabolic risk factors in men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284: E1065-E1071, 2003. First published January 28, 2003 10.1152/ajpendo.00442.2002We examined the independent associations among abdominal adipose tissue (AT), liver fat, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and lipid variables in 161 Caucasian men who had a wide variation in adiposity. We measured AT and liver fat by computed tomography and CRF by a maximal exercise test on a treadmill. Visceral AT remained a significant (P Յ 0.05) predictor of plasma triglycerides (TG), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio (TC/HDL-C) after statistical control for abdominal subcutaneous AT, CRF, and alcohol consumption. Abdominal subcutaneous AT was not a significant (P Ն 0.05) correlate of any lipid variable after control for visceral AT and CRF. Furthermore, subdivision of subcutaneous AT into deep and superficial depots did not alter these observations. Visceral AT was the strongest correlate of liver fat and remained so after control for abdominal subcutaneous AT, CRF, and alcohol consumption (r ϭ Ϫ0.34, P Ͻ 0.01). In contrast, abdominal subcutaneous AT and CRF were not significant (P Ͼ 0.10) correlates of liver fat after control for visceral AT. Visceral AT remained a significant (P Ͻ 0.01) correlate of TG, HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C independent of liver fat. However, liver fat was also a significant correlate (P Յ 0.05) of fasting glucose and TG independent of visceral AT. These observations reinforce the importance of visceral obesity in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia in men, and they suggest that visceral AT and liver fat carry independent health risk.abdominal adipose tissue; cardiorespiratory fitness; metabolic risk THE CONTRIBUTION of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (AT) to the established association between abdominal adiposity and health risk remains a subject of debate (14). Initial attempts to resolve the confusion by subdivision of abdominal subcutaneous AT into its metabolically determined components have failed to provide consistent results. For insulin resistance, some suggest that the deep metabolically active depot of subcutaneous AT is a strong marker independent of visceral AT (21, 42); others provide evidence to the contrary (40, 43a). Whether subdivision of subcutaneous AT provides insight into the relationships between abdominal obesity and lipid profile is unknown. Given the strong association between elevated free fatty acid (FFA) levels and lipid metabolism (26), it is reasonable to think that the isolation of deep from superficial subcutaneous AT would provide insight into the relationships between abdominal adiposity and dyslipidemia. Indeed, DeNino et al. (9) report that both visceral and deep subcutaneous AT abolish the agerelated differences in lipid and lipoprotein levels in women. Whether the association between deep subcutaneous AT and lipid profile remained significant independent of visceral AT was not reported. Fu...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Visceral fat and liver fat are independent predictors of metabolic risk factors in men

Nguyen-Duy¹,

Nichaman

Church

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

226

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…17 In addition, previous research has reported improved insulin sensitivity/resistance and reductions in hyperglycemiarelated medications as a result of exercise training. 34,51 These changes typically have been reported in obese subjects with T2DM, 39,[52][53][54][55] which suggests that there is a good relationship between loss of body fat and improved glycemic control. 56 However, improvement in glycemic control may be independent of fat loss.…”

Section: Glycemic Controlmentioning

confidence: 80%

Exercise Training for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Marwick¹,

Hordern²,

Miller³

et al. 2009

Circulation

305

131

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“…Supplementation of an HF diet with all three BCAA promoted the development of insulin resistance in rats (7) , whereas an infusion of a mixture of eighteen AA in human subjects also resulted in reduced insulin sensitivity (15) . However, all the evidence is not so straightforward and some studies have demonstrated positive effects on glucose tolerance and also on body weight following supplementation with the BCAA leucine (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) , whereas others report no effects (26) . Further mechanistic work is needed in this field to provide a clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning altered BCAA metabolism.…”

Section: Metabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between BMI and metabolomic profiles: a focus on amino acids

et al. 2012

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The role of metabolomics in the field of nutrition is continuing to grow and it has the potential to assist in the understanding of metabolic regulation and explain how minor perturbations can have a multitude of biochemical endpoints. It is this development, which creates the potential to provide the knowledge necessary to facilitate a more targeted approach to nutrition. In recent years, there has been interest in applying metabolomics to examine alterations in the metabolic profile according to weight gain/obesity. Emerging from these studies is the strong evidence that alterations in the amino acid (AA) profiles are associated with obesity. Several other studies have also shown a relationship between branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), obesity and insulin resistance. The present review focuses on the proposed link between AA and in particular BCAA, obesity and insulin resistance. In conclusion, a wealth of information is accumulating to support the role of AA, and in particular of the BCAA, in obesity. Metabolomics: Amino acids: BMI: Branched-chain amino acidsObesity is now considered as a major global health problem, and the WHO has demonstrated that obesity levels have reached epidemic proportions worldwide with approximately 2 . 3 billion adults predicted to be overweight or obese by the year 2015(1) . It is well recognised that obesity plays a central role in insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Despite many years of research the exact mechanisms underlying the role of obesity in the development of these disorders and diseases are still not fully elucidated. However, in recent years, the application of 'omic' technologies to studies comparing lean and obese subjects has enhanced our understanding of this research area. This review will focus on the literature, which has utilised metabolomic techniques to investigate the altered metabolic profile in obesity and the subsequent effect on insulin resistance. MetabolomicsMetabolomics is the comprehensive study of metabolites in biofluids, tissues or cellular extracts. The metabolic profile of a sample may be assessed using a variety of techniques including Proton NMR spectroscopy, LC-MS and GC-MS. The role of metabolomics in the field of nutrition is continuing to grow and its utility in a number of studies has been demonstrated (2,3) . Earlier applications of metabolomics in this field compared metabolic profiles of lean and obese subjects (Table 1). Pietiläinen et al.(4) investigated whether acquired obesity was associated with changes in global serum lipid profiles independent of genetic factors in young adult monozygotic twins. In this study, fourteen healthy monozygotic pairs discordant for obesity (10-25 kg weight Abbreviations: AA, amino acid; BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; GBP, gastric bypass surgery; HF, high fat.

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Combined Effects of Caloric Restriction and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Body Composition and Exercise Performance in Elite Wrestlers

Cited by 84 publications

References 5 publications

Visceral fat and liver fat are independent predictors of metabolic risk factors in men

Visceral fat and liver fat are independent predictors of metabolic risk factors in men

Exercise Training for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

The relationship between BMI and metabolomic profiles: a focus on amino acids

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