Leuchtend: Eine von einem G‐Quartett inspirierte Fluoreszenzsonde (APD), die aus zwei acetylenverbrückten Purinen besteht, wurde synthetisiert. APD leuchtet in Gegenwart paralleler DNA‐ (z. B. c‐MYC) oder RNA‐G‐Quadruplexe, während es keine Fluoreszenzverstärkung in Gegenwart von doppelsträngiger DNA, antiparallelen oder gemischten (z. B. h‐Telo) G‐Quadruplexen zeigt. APD wurde auch zur bevorzugten Anfärbung von G‐Quadruplexen verwendet.

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Androgen receptor blocking agents have an established role in the treatment of disseminated prostate carcinoma. However, combined androgen blockade in elderly men with disseminated prostate carcinoma results in high bone turnover with significant cancellous bone loss. The results of this study show that adjuvant therapy with intermittent cyclic etidronate may prevent these changes and decrease the risk of spinal fractures.

Depending on the neurocognitive test performances(s) evidencing suboptimal effort or complaints that may be questionable, it is recommended that at least 2 of the above-listed measures be employed for proper assessment of effort level.

ObjectivesTo obtain health-related quality of life valuations (ie, utilities) for human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancer health states of vulval, vaginal, penile, anal and oropharyngeal cancers for use in modelling cost-effectiveness of prophylactic HPV vaccination.MethodsWritten case descriptions of each HPV-associated cancer describing the ‘average’ patient surviving after the initial cancer diagnosis and treatment were developed in consultation with oncology clinicians. A general overview, standard gamble questionnaire for each health state and a quiz was conducted in 120 participants recruited from the general population.ResultsIn the included population sample (n=99), the average age was 43 years (range = 18–70 years) with 54% men, 44% never married/43% married, 76% education beyond year 12 and 39% employed full-time. The utility values for the five health states were 0.57 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.62) for anal cancer, 0.58 (0.53 to 0.63) for oropharyngeal cancer, 0.59 (0.54 to 0.64) for vaginal cancer, 0.65 (0.60 to 0.70) for vulval cancer and 0.79 (0.74 to 0.84) for penile cancer. Participants demonstrated a very good understanding of the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of these cancers with a mean score of 9 (SD=1.1) on a 10-item quiz.ConclusionsThis study provides utility estimates for the specific HPV-related cancers of vulval, vaginal, penile, anal and oropharyngeal cancers valued by a general population sample using standard gamble. The results demonstrate considerable quality of life impact associated with surviving these cancers that will be important to incorporate into modelling cost-effectiveness of prophylactic HPV vaccination in different populations.

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common among Australian men over the age of 45 years; most men with LUTS will have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), overactive bladder (OAB), or both. The cause of LUTS should be diagnosed by assessing symptom severity and excluding of medical or pharmaceutical causes. All men with LUTS should undergo digital rectal examination; other diagnostic tools include urine and blood testing, voiding charts and imaging. Depending on disease severity, impact on quality of life, patient preference, presence of complications and fitness for surgery, BPH is managed with watchful waiting, pharmacotherapy (α‐blockers or 5‐α‐reductase inhibitors), minimally invasive surgical therapies or surgery. OAB is initially treated with behavioural therapy; if this is ineffective, pharmacotherapy (usually antimuscarinics) can be used. Patients with LUTS with a provisional diagnosis other than BPH or OAB, or with complications or poor response to pharmacotherapy, should be referred to a urologist.

Scrotal varicoceles undoubtedly contribute to subfertility in an as yet undefined group of patients. The best method of treatment of varicoceles, however, remains controversial. Laparoscopic testicular vein ligation has recently been offered as a new option. We examined the feasibility of laparoscopic testicular vein ligation (n = 11) compared with standard high ligation (n = 11). The mean post-operative stay in the open group was 25.6 h compared with 7.1 h in the laparoscopic group. Analgesic requirements were a mean of 4.73 Co-proxamol tablets for the open group and 0.18 tablets for the laparoscopic group. All operations were successful. Laparoscopic ligation of the testicular vein is an effective treatment of varicocele with decreased post-operative morbidity.

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