Background. Fibrinogen and interleukin-1β as a proinflammatory cytokine and interleukin-10 and nesfatin-1 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine have an important role in the development and prevention of systemic inflammation and incidence of obesity-induced diseases. Thus, this study is aimed at the interaction effects of aerobic training and oak husk hydroalcoholic extract consumption on plasma levels of fibrinogen, interleukin-1β, nesfatin-1, and interleukin-10 in obese elderly male mice. Materials and Methods. In this experimental study, 40 fat male mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks to induce obesity, and subsequently, they were divided randomly into four groups: control, supplement, exercise-placebo, and exercise-supplement. The training groups performed aerobic exercise 5 days a week for 6 weeks (approximately 80-75% VO max 2 ). The supplement groups received a solution of oak husk hydroalcoholic extract at a dose of 20 milligram per kilogram of body weight for 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken 48 h after the last training session, and the levels of IL-10, fibrinogen, IL-1β, and nesfatin-1 were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. Results. The results showed that six-week training and oak husk hydroalcoholic extract consumption significantly increased the levels of IL-10 and nesfatin-1 in experimental groups ( P < 0.001 ). Also, the levels of fibrinogen and IL-1β decreased significantly in training groups. Averages between group variations of all indicators were statistically significant, and they were more meaningfully pronounced in the exercise-supplement group than other groups ( P ≤ 0.05 ). Conclusions. Considering the results of the present study, the use of moderate aerobic exercise and oak husk hydroalcoholic extract is recommended to reduce the risk of obesity; it may also have a positive effect on inflammatory factors.

Background: Patients often complain about the esthetic problems of gingival pigmentation. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and recurrence of diode laser 810 nm and cryosurgery for gingival depigmentation. Methods: A total of 12 patients with physiologic gingival pigmentation were selected. The inclusion criterion was the presence of gingival pigmentation of maxillary incisors and the exclusion criteria was the presence of systemic diseases or use of any drugs associated with gingival pigmentation. For further evaluation, photographs were taken before and after treatment within the same position and light. Color analysis was done using the Adobe Photoshop software. Patients were treated by diode laser 810 nm -2 w and on the opposite side cryosurgery was performed. Treatment was done under topical anesthesia if required. The laser beam was activated using the brush technique and in contact mode. Application period differed according to the degree of melanin pigmentation and epithelial thickness of the treated area. Cryosurgery was performed by a cotton swab. The swab was gently touched and rolled on the area for 10 to 15 seconds until the disappearance of gingival pigmentation. All patients were examined 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Results: Data were analyzed using the SAS software version 19. The degree of pigmentation was considered as follows: score1: mild pigmentation, score 2: average pigmentation, and score 3: intense pigmentation. The treatment of gingival pigmentation with laser and cryosurgery showed marked improvement of gingival pigmentation in both methods as well as no significant difference between the 2 methods after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment. Conclusions: Both methods are appropriate for the treatment of gingival depigmentation and no significant recurrence was observed during the 6 months follow -up.

Background:The different effects of exercise on obesity in obese adolescents have not sufficiently been studied. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of an eight-week rope skipping exercise on interleukin-10 (IL-10) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in obese and overweight adolescents. Patients and Methods:In this semi-experimental study, using purposive convenience sampling 30 overweight and obese teens were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental (height 165.28 cm; weight 85.53 kg and age 13.73 years old) and control (height 164.54 cm; weight 83.02 kg and age 13.93 years old) groups. Then the experimental group performed the eight-week rope skipping exercise program while the control group did not receive any intervention and was only following up. Before and after the exercise, the variables including weight, fat percentage, body mass index (BMI) and the maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) in both groups were measured. To assess the amount of serum IL-10, CRP, 48 hours before and after the exercise, fasting blood samples were taken during the two-stage mode. The correlated t-test and the independent t-test were used to compare the intragroup and intergroup relationships, respectively. Results: There was no significant change in the serum levels of IL-10 (P > 0.05); however, the intragroup comparison in the experimental group showed a significant increase in serum levels of IL.10 (P < 0.05). Moreover, the variables of the weight, BMI, fat percentage, V02max and CRP were significantly changed (P < 0.05). Conclusions: A rope skipping protocol increases the anti-inflammatory index, reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, and improves the body compounds and immune system of the obese and overweight teens.

Background: The application of supplements, herbal extracts, and exercise training for treatment of diseases and reducing chronic inflammation has been increased progressively among people. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to study the combined aquatic extract of Ferulago angulata boiss with aerobic exercise on pro-inflammatory indices in obese males. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, forty young obese men (mean and standard deviation of age 34.59 ± 2.24 years, body mass index (BMI) 33.14 ± 2.75 kg/m 2 ) were selected by purposed sampling and were randomly divided into four equal groups ( n = 10), training, training-supplementation, supplementation, and control. Participants in the supplementary groups received 50 mg/ml F. angulata extracts daily for 12 weeks. Aerobic training program included 12 weeks of training, 3 sessions/week, and each session was 20 min at 60%–%–70% of maximal oxygen consumption. Blood samples were taken from the participants 48 h before and after the intervention in fasting state. Data were analyzed using dependent t -test, one-way analysis of variance, and post hoc Tukey test at a significant level of P < 0.05. Results: After 12 weeks of exercise and supplementation, levels of interleukin (IL)-6 ( P = 0.001), IL-18 ( P = 0.03), IL-1 β ( P = 0.001), tumor necrosis factor alpha ( P = 0.001), weight ( P = 0.001), BMI ( P = 0.001), body fat percent ( P = 0.001), and waist-hip ratio ( P = 0.001) decreased significantly and the mean changes of these indicators in training + supplementation group were significantly augmented as compared to the other three groups. Conclusion: It appears that aerobic training plus F. angulata extract consumption have better effect on improvement of serum inflammatory factors in obese young men.