The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

Visando contribuir com informações sobre a diversidade de Myxomycetes em florestas úmidas e savanas Neotropicais, foram inventariadas as espécies de Physarales associadas a diferentes microhabitats no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brasil (10º40'52"S e 37º25'15"W, 180-670 m, 7966 ha). Durante 20 meses consecutivos foram efetuadas coletas de esporocarpos e de amostras de vários tipos de substratos a serem utilizados na preparação de 590 câmaras-úmidas. Coleções representativas do material estudado foram depositadas no Herbário UFP, com duplicatas no herbário MA - Fungi. A abundância e a constância de cada espécie foram determinadas. Apresenta-se uma lista comentada das sete espécies de Didymiaceae e 24 espécies de Physaraceae identificadas e sua distribuição no Brasil. As Physarales estão presentes em todos os microhabitats analisados, esporulando na estiagem e na estação chuvosa; fimícolas e suculentícolas foram registradas apenas em câmara-úmida. As espécies mais abundantes foram Physarum viride (Bull.) Pers., P. stellatum (Massee) G.W. Martin e P. cinereum (Batsch) Pers. Exceto Diachea silvaepluvialis M.L. Farr, P. cinereume Physarum roseumBerk. & Broome, todos os táxons constituem primeira referência para Sergipe. Diderma rugosum (Rex) T. Macbr., Didymium dubium Rostaf. e Physarum pulcherrimum Berk. & Ravenel estão sendo referidas pela primeira vez para o Brasil.

Myxomycetes do estado de Alagoas (Brasil) e notas sobre sua distribuição. O estado de Alagoas, localizado na Região Nordeste do Brasil, abrange uma área de 27.767 km 2 onde diferentes ecossistemas, incluindo manguezal e Floresta Atlântica na costa e caatinga no interior, são encontrados. A literatura relata a ocorrência de 4 esp cies de Myxomycetes no estado, as uais foram registradas em ambientes orestais midos ou em baga o de cana de a car armazenado em ind stria. Este estudo o primeiro a registrar esp cies de Didymiaceae e os gêneros Badhamia, Comatricha, Perichaena, Reticularia e Stemonaria para Alagoas. É apresentada uma chave para espécies. Licea succulenticola, Reticularia jurana e Stemonaria longa são novas referências para o bioma Caatinga. Licea succulenticola é registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil.

ABSTRACT

Visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre a distribuição dos Myxomycetes nos Neotrópicos e trazer as primeiras informações sobre a mixobiota sergipana, efetuou-se um estudo sobre as espécies de Liceales ocorrentes na Reserva Ecológica Serra de Itabaiana, SE (10º40'52''S e 37º25'15''W, 180-670 m alt.), que apresenta diferentes fisionomias vegetacionais. Esporocarpos e amostras de substrato para cultivo em câmara-úmida foram coletados entre abril/2002 e dezembro/2003, em 19 excursões (quatro dias cada) realizadas em diferentes estações do ano. Exsicatas representativas do material estudado encontram-se depositadas no herbário UFP (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife). Cinco gêneros foram registrados, pertencentes às famílias Cribrariaceae (Cribraria, 6 spp.), Liceaceae (Licea, 1 sp.) e Reticulariaceae (Lycogala, 3 spp., Reticularia, 1 sp., Tubifera, 4 spp.). Todos os táxons constituem primeira referência para o estado de Sergipe. A distribuição de Tubifera dimorphoteca Nann.-Bremek. & Loer. está sendo ampliada na América do Sul, citada pela primeira vez para o Brasil.

No abstract

A new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) was recorded in the Mata Estrela Private Nature Reserve, Rio Grande do Norte state. It is characterized by sessile sporangia, white globose columella, capillitium irradiating from the peridium, forming three layers, the middle part strongly calcareous, the outer layer cartilaginous and the inner layer membranous. A key to species of sessile sporangia Diderma with triple peridium is presented.

The present study was carried out on three trails, each presenting a different degree of disturbance, within the Pau--Ferro Forest Environmentally Protected Area, a 600 ha area of highland forest located in the municipality of Areia (06°58'12"S; 35°42'15"W; elevation, 400-600 m), in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. In 2005, we analyzed the species richness, abundance, constancy and phenology of myxomycetes over seven consecutive months (rainy and dry seasons) in five types of microhabitats: dead tree trunks, the bark of living trees, basidiomata, ground litter and aerial litter. A total of 753 specimens of 48 species were obtained from the trails known as Flores (4 km), Boa Vista (3 km) and Cumbe (700 m). The Sørensen similarity coefficient revealed that the three trails are similar. The most constant and abundant species were Hemitrichia calyculata, H. serpula, Arcyria cinerea, A. denudata and Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa. Although myxomycetes sporulate throughout the year, some species have well-defined sporulation seasons. In terms of the constancy and abundance of species, Trichiaceae is the most important family in the rain forest studied, which is representative of the highland forests of northeastern Brazil.