Сlinical characteristics of precanceral lesions of larynx

Abstract

Currently, the issues of differential diagnosis of precancerous lesions of the larynx and their prognosis remain unresolved. The study of the characteristic clinical signs of precancerous lesions of the larynx remains an urgent problem. The article presents the clinical characteristics of precancerous lesions of the larynx based on the results of video laryngoscopy, morphological analysis of the tumor, data of an objective examination, and complaints. The main symptoms were cough (80.56%), as well as voice deterioration after voice load (75.0%), and persistent voice changes in the form of husky or hoarse voice 72.22% and 58.33%, respectively. A significant prevalence of the frequency of sensation of a foreign body, difficulty in breathing, and choking when eating was established in the papillomatosis group in comparison with patients with chronic hyperplastic laryngitis. In chronic hyperplastic laryngitis, on the other hand, the number of complaints of voice changes increased: voice deterioration after voice load was noted, hoarseness, and aphonia. According to video laryngoscopy, among patients with hyperplastic laryngitis, the majority (84.6%) had a thickening and/or uneven relief of the mucous membrane of the vocal folds, and in patients with papillomatous changes in the larynx, single neoplasms prevailed (72.7%) on one of the vocal folds. It is worth noting that during the morphological examination the clinical and endoscopic diagnosis was confirmed in all patients. The results obtained confirm the feasibility and necessity of examining the upper respiratory tract using modern, high-tech endoscopic techniques and taking biopsy material in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases of the larynx.