Кібербезпека Безпроводових Смарт-Систем: Канали Втручань Та Радіочастотні Вразливості

Abstract

The subject of this study is the radio frequency cyber vulnerability of information and control interaction technology in the wireless smart systems (WSS). WSS is the cyber-physical systems, that operate within the OSI model. The specificity and specialization of these systems are determined by radio technologies of the physical layer. For example, the Internet of Things (IoT, including medical IoMT), the Internet of Drones (IoD), systems for aviation monitoring ADS-B and traffic management ATM, and, in the future, the Internet of Everything (IoE) - all are types of WSS. The aim is to analyze the radio frequency parameters of information and control interaction in the WSS to identify possible radio frequency cyber vulnerabilities in the WSS. Objectives: summarize and systematize the physical and functional parameters of wireless technologies in the ISM (Industrial Scientific & Medical Band) and SRD (Short range devices) ranges, which are significant from the WSS radiofrequency cyber vulnerability perspective, including navigation technologies; analyze trends and methods of successful cyber attacks on the WSS; carry out expert assessments of potential WSSs cyber vulnerabilities depending on their architecture and application area. The methods used: analysis of trends in known radiofrequency incidents and expert assessments of the cyber vulnerability of the WSS information and control interaction channels. The following results were obtained: 12 actual WSS radio technologies were analyzed. 6 types of possible radio frequency cyber attacks on the WSS were typified. The expert assessment of the probability of exploiting vulnerabilities by ranges, radio technologies, and attack type was made. The special danger of high-tech targeted APT attacks, as well as the high potential radio vulnerability of cyber-physical systems, was shown. The cyber vulnerability of ADS-B aircraft systems was especially noted. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: a trend of APT attacks cost reduction and an increase in the probability of their implementation through the new capabilities of SDR technology (Software Defined Radio) were revealed. The possibility of a controlled SDR compromising of the security parameters of WSS channels in any radio range was shown. A promising direction of research was proposed - SDR-penetration testing of WSS.