Аntibacterial inorganic agents: efficiency of using multicomponent systems

Abstract

Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are promising antibacterial agents exerting a broad antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and protozoans and allowing to avoid developing microbial resistance. Here we briefly review general mechanisms and the main NP factors affecting their antibacterial activity. Special attention is paid development of new-generation antimicrobial agents displaying augmented long-term bactericidal activity and low toxicity. We also describe examples of synthesizing double and triple nanocomposites based on the following oxides: CuO, ZnO, Fe3O4, Ag2O, MnO2 , etc. including metal and nonmetal doped nanocomposites (e.g. with Ag, Ce, Cr, Mn, Nd, Co, Sn, Fe, N, F etc.). Compared with bactericidal action of individual oxides, the nanocomposites demonstrate superior antibacterial activity and exert synergistic effects. For instance, the antimicrobial activity of ZnO against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was increased by ∼100 % by formation of triple nanocomposites ZnO–MnO2–Cu2O or ZnO–Ag2O–Ag2S. Similar effect was showed for Ce-doped ZnO and Zn-doped CuO. We also highlight the examples of nanocomposites containing NPs and organic (chitosan, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, biopolymers etc.) or inorganic materials with special structure (graphene oxide, TiO2 nanotubes, silica) which demonstrate controlled release and long-term antibacterial activity. All of the nanocomposites and their combinations described have a pronounced long-term antimicrobial effect including that one against antibiotic-resistant microbial strains. They are able to prevent formation of microbial biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces, exhibit low toxicity to eukaryotic cells, demonstrate anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties in contained with polymers (sodium alginate, collagen, polyvinylpyrrolidone etc.). The use of nanoscale systems can solve several important practical problems simultaneously by preserving long-term antimicrobial activities while reducing the number of constituents, generation of new antimicrobial agents with low toxicity and reduced environmental impact, development of new biocidal materials, including new coatings for effective antimicrobial protection of medical devices.

Investigation of Upgraded Technology for Plasma Spraying of Bronze Powder Using the Combined Process with Hydrocarbon Additions

“…% Al, and ≤ 4 % Fe, and the rest is Cu. With this composition, the sprayed coatings of this type, which have been obtained with our investigated technology and other related ones will have, as expected, antimicrobial effect with quite high probability [31].…”

Antibacterial activity of CuO-Ag Janus like nanoparticles against recombinant strain Escherichia coli

“…Biotesting of nanoparticles was performed by an express method of suppression the bacterial luminescence of recombinant Escherichia coli strain K12 TG1 with cloned luxCDABE genes of marine bacteria Photobacterium leiognathi 54D10 "Ecolum" (R&D Society Immunotek, Russia) [3]. Before the study, the lyophilized bioreagent was reconstituted with distilled water ("Ecolum") cooled to 8°C and incubated for 30 min at 2-4°C.…”

Antimicrobial Effect of Submicron Complex Oxide Particles CsTeMoO6 under Visible Light

“…are capable of suppressing the vital activity of bacteria and micromycetes. These substances are increasingly mentioned in the literature as means of protection against biodamage [8,9]. Many metal oxides increase their antimicrobial effect when exposed to light, which is due to the presence of photocatalytic properties in these compounds.…”