Zooplankton abundance and biomass size spectra in the East Antarctic sea-ice zone during the winter–spring transition

Wallis, Jake R.; Swadling, Kerrie M.; Everett, Jason D.; Suthers, Iain M.; Jones, H.J.; Buchanan, Pearse; Crawford, Christine; James, L; Johnson, R. W.; Meiners, Klaus M.; Virtue, Patti; Westwood, Karen J.; Kawaguchi, So

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2015.10.002

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…ice algal standing stocks and vertical ice algal biomass distribution) are important drivers of under-ice zooplankton community composition and pelagic processes (see Massom and Stammerjohn, 2010). The Wallis et al (2016) findings also support previous observations of certain copepod species that use both bottom sea-ice layers and the under-ice realm as habitat, thereby exerting an especially strong influence on cryopelagic coupling and carbon flow.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Rafted and deformed sea ice, as encountered during SIPEX-2, may additionally serve pelagic organisms as a refuge from ocean currents and predation (Meyer, 2012). Comparing in-ice meiofauna and under-ice zooplankton communities sampled during both SIPEX and SIPEX-2, Wallis et al (2016) provide a description of the influence of sea-ice biological properties, in particular the vertical distribution of ice algal biomass and sympagic meiofauna assemblages, on epi-pelagic zooplankton communities. Their data suggest that snow accumulation on deformed sea ice (Toyota et al, 2016-a) likely affected the vertical distribution of ice algae and sea-ice fauna with flow-on effects on epi-pelagic food webs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction: SIPEX-2: A study of sea-ice physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem processes off East Antarctica during spring 2012

Meiners

Golden

Heil

et al. 2016

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction: SIPEX-2: A study of sea-ice physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem processes off East Antarctica during spring 2012

Meiners

Golden

Heil

et al. 2016

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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“…Dinoflagellate cysts can be abundant in sea ice, and it has been proposed that sea ice is an overwintering site for resting or dormant stages (Garrison & Buck 1989). The copepod Stephos longipes migrates actively between the water column and sea-ice habitats, and the presence of this copepod in the water column is concomitant with their presence in the sea ice above (Wallis et al 2016). Abundances of juvenile and adult S. longipes were highest in the sea ice during winter/ early spring (Schnack-Schiel et al 1995, Mauchline 1998.…”

Section: Sea-ice Association Of Preymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal variability in the winter diet of larval and juvenile Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, in ice-covered waters

Schaafsma¹,

Kohlbach²,

David³

et al. 2017

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Antarctic krill Euphausia superba is an ecological key species in the Southern Ocean and a major fisheries resource. The winter survival of age class 0 (AC0) krill is susceptible to changes in the sea-ice environment due to their association with sea ice and their need to feed during their first winter. However, our understanding of their overwintering diet and its variability is limited. We studied the spatio-temporal variability of the diet in 4 cohorts of AC0 krill in the Northern Weddell Sea during late winter 2013 using stomach contents, fatty acids (FAs) and bulk stable isotope analysis (BSIA). Stomach contents were dominated by diatoms in numbers and occasionally contained large volumes of copepods. Many of the prey species found in the stomachs were sea ice-associated. Our results show that the diet of overwintering AC0 krill varies significantly in space and time. Variability in stomach content composition was related to environmental factors, including chlorophyll a concentration, copepod abundance and sea-ice cover. In contrast, FA composition mainly varied between cohorts, indicating variation in the long-term diet. The condition of the AC0 krill was reflected in FA and BSIA analysis, suggesting that the availability of sea ice-derived food sources over a long period may impact the condition of developing AC0 krill significantly. The spatio-temporal availability of sea-ice resources is a potentially important factor for AC0 krill winter survival.

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“…Due to the continuous electronic data collection of OPCs, there is no typical grain size (length of sample segment), and it depends largely on the purpose of the study and deployment method. OPCs can be deployed vertically (Vandromme et al, 2014;Marcolin et al, 2015;Wallis et al, 2016), mounted on a towed undulating vehicle to obtain high-resolution estimates of size spectra through space and time (Zhou et al, 2009;Everett et al, 2011;Basedow et al, 2014), mounted on a net frame (Herman and Harvey, 2006;Checkley et al, 2008;Marcolin et al, 2013), integrated with autonomous floats (Checkley et al, 2008), or mounted in the laboratory for the processing of net-samples (Moore and Suthers, 2006). OPCs are capable of sampling through the water column (up to 660 m deep) and if mounted on a towed body, over regional scales (100s km).…”

Section: Sampling Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling What We Sample and Sampling What We Model: Challenges for Zooplankton Model Assessment

et al. 2017

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Zooplankton are the intermediate trophic level between phytoplankton and fish, and are an important component of carbon and nutrient cycles, accounting for a large proportion of the energy transfer to pelagic fishes and the deep ocean. Given zooplankton's importance, models need to adequately represent zooplankton dynamics. A major obstacle, though, is the lack of model assessment. Here we try and stimulate the assessment of zooplankton in models by filling three gaps. The first is that many zooplankton observationalists are unfamiliar with the biogeochemical, ecosystem, size-based and individual-based models that have zooplankton functional groups, so we describe their primary uses and how each typically represents zooplankton. The second gap is that many modelers are unaware of the zooplankton data that are available, and are unaccustomed to the different zooplankton sampling systems, so we describe the main sampling platforms and discuss their strengths and weaknesses for model assessment. Filling these gaps in our understanding of models and observations provides the necessary context to address the last gap-a blueprint for model assessment of zooplankton. We detail two ways that zooplankton biomass/abundance observations can be used to assess models: data wrangling that transforms observations to be more similar to model output; and observation models that transform model outputs to be more like observations. We hope that this review will encourage greater assessment of zooplankton in models and ultimately improve the representation of their dynamics.Keywords: plankton net, bioacoustics, optical plankton counter, Continuous Plankton Recorder, size-spectra, ecosystem model, observation model, model assessment Everett et al. Challenges for Zooplankton Model Assessment THE IMPORTANCE OF ZOOPLANKTONAll marine phyla are part of the zooplankton-either permanently as holoplankton (e.g., copepods or arrow worms) or temporarily as meroplankton (e.g., crab or fish larvae). In this review we define zooplankton as all organisms drifting in the water whose locomotive abilities are insufficient to progress against ocean currents (Lenz, 2000). Their sizes range from flagellates (about 20 µm) to siphonophores up to 30 m long. Zooplankton are the intermediate trophic level between phytoplankton and fish and are an important component of carbon and nutrient cycles in the ocean. They account for a large proportion of the energy transfer to fish on continental shelves (Marquis et al., 2011), temperate reefs (Kingsford and MacDiarmid, 1988;Champion et al., 2015), seagrass meadows (Edgar and Shaw, 1995), and coral reefs (Hamner et al., 1988;Frisch et al., 2014). Zooplankton are also key in the transfer of energy between benthic and pelagic domains (Lassalle et al., 2013). Zooplankton are responsible for transferring energy to deep water through the sinking of fecal pellets and moribund carcases (Stemmann et al., 2000;Henschke et al., 2013Henschke et al., , 2016 or through diel vertical migration (Ariza et al., 2015) and can play...

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Zooplankton abundance and biomass size spectra in the East Antarctic sea-ice zone during the winter–spring transition

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Introduction: SIPEX-2: A study of sea-ice physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem processes off East Antarctica during spring 2012

Introduction: SIPEX-2: A study of sea-ice physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem processes off East Antarctica during spring 2012

Spatio-temporal variability in the winter diet of larval and juvenile Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, in ice-covered waters

Modeling What We Sample and Sampling What We Model: Challenges for Zooplankton Model Assessment

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