ZnO nanoparticles-modified polycaprolactone-gelatin membranes for guided/bone tissue regeneration, antibacterial and osteogenic differentiation properties

Abstract

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent infectious disease that causes the progressive destruction of the periodontal supporting tissues. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss impairing oral function, aesthetics, and the patient’s overall quality of life. Guided and Bone Tissue Regeneration (GTR/BTR) are surgical therapies based on the placement of a membrane that prevents epithelial growth into the defect, allowing the periodontal/bone cells (including stem cells) to regenerate or restore the affected tissues. The success of these therapies is commonly affected by the local bacterial colonization of the membrane area and its fast biodegradation, causing postoperative infections and a premature rupture of the membrane limiting the regeneration process. This study presents the antibacterial and osteogenic differentiation properties of polycaprolactone-gelatin (PCL-G) electrospun membranes modified with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). The membranes´ chemical composition, surface roughness, biodegradation, water wettability, and mechanical properties under simulated physiological conditions, were analyzed by the close relationship with their biological properties. The PCL-G membranes modified with 1, 3, and 6 wt.% of ZnO-NPs showed a significant reduction in the planktonic and biofilm formation of four clinically relevant bacteria; A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b, P. gingivalis, E. coli, and S. epidermidis. Additionally, the membranes presented appropriate mechanical properties and biodegradation rates to be potentially used in clinical treatments. Notably, the membranes modified with the lowest concentration of ZnO-NPs (1 wt.%) stimulated the production of osteoblast markers and calcium deposits in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) and were biocompatible to human osteoblasts cells (hFOB). These results suggest that the PCL-G membranes with 1 wt.% of ZnO-NPs are high-potential candidates for GTR/BTR treatments, as they were the most effective in terms of better antibacterial effectiveness at a lower NPs-concentration while creating a favorable cellular microenvironment for bone growth.

Regeneration Membranes Loaded with Non-Antibiotic Anti-2 Microbials: A Review

“…In recent works such as those by Prado et al [ 33 ] and Shu et al [ 34 ] published in the same year, inhibition of bacterial growth of between 67 and 87% is shown in membranes impregnated with ZnO, depending on the bacterial species and the concentration of the antimicrobial, in some cases reaching the non-identification of colony-forming units (CFUs) after 48 h of incubation. Along the same lines, Wu et al [ 39 ] demonstrated an inhibition of the CFUs of Porphyromonas gingivalis ( PG ) and Staphylococcus aureus ( SA ) on chitin hydrogel membranes, being minimal after 24 h of incubation and showing greater antimicrobial activity on PG .…”

“… RoBDDEMAT analysis for risk of bias of the included articles [ 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. D1—Planning and allocation: 1.1 Control group; 1.2 Randomization of samples; 1.3 Justification of sample size.…”

Antibacterial properties of marine algae incorporated polylactide acid membranes as an alternative to clinically applied different collagen membranes

“…Garcia et al [5] have reported that the sites without membrane exposure achieved 74% more horizontal bone gain than the sites with exposure. Prado-Prone et al have also suggested that the outcome of the GBR procedure is commonly affected by the local bacterial colonization of the membrane causing postoperative infections and a premature rupture of the membrane limiting the regeneration process [6]. Therefore, resistance against bacterial contamination could improve the success rate of GBR/GTR procedures.…”