Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Skin Permeation Enhancer for Solvents and Surfactants

Abstract

Objective:Transdermal route of drug administration has absorbed largeinterests for its many advantages. Several materials, mainly different solvents and surfactants, have been used as excipients to enhance the skin permeation of drugs.Nanoparticles (NPs) also have been proved to affect the permeations of substances.ZnO-NPs, widely used in topical products, have been investigated in this study in terms of their effects on permeations of different substances (excipients) and therefore permeations of active ingredients. Method: To determine the skin permeation of everysubstance, diffusion cell method and a cut of chicken skin were employed following by quantication of the substance concentration in the receiver medium after 1.5 hours. Results: The substances showed different permeations. The ZnO-NPs increased the permeation of each substance. In the absence and also in the presence of the ZnO-NPs, the mean amounts permeated were respectively belonged to hydrophobic solvents, hydrophilic solvents, oily solvents and surfactants. The ZnO-NPs increased the permeation ofhydrophobic solvents, oily solvents, hydrophilic solvents and surfactants, with 31.33, 24, 20.33 and 5.34%, respectively. Such increases, were not dependent on the molecular weight (MW) of the oily and hydrophobic solvents but were dependent on the MW of the hydrophilic solvents and the surfactants. Conclusion: The ZnO-NPs are suggested to be used for enhancing the skin permeations ofsolvents or surfactantsin topical productswhich potentially can improve absorption of active ingredients. Besides, such enhancing effect of the ZnO-NPs should be noticed in topical products where they may increase drug delivery dose and alsoincrease drug or excipient systemic toxicity.

Different Inorganic Nanoparticles as Enhancers for Dermal Delivery of Proteins in Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products

“…Similarly ZnO-NPs can not pass 20 through the skin . We have proved the enhancing effect of ZnO-NPs on skin penetration of ibuprofen and also on skin penetration of liquid enhancers in our previous 21,22 works for the rst time . These ndings highlight the lack of research on the enhancing effects ofthe CaP-NPs and/or ZnO-NPs in dermal drug delivery.…”

“…In this order, the NPs positioned through the skin layers and therefore, could alter the skin microstructure helping the drug passing the skin. Such a method of using NPs as enhancer (simultaneous use with drug and without loading the drug), was successfully employed in our 21,22 previous works . Thus the NPs in this paper, have been used as penetration enhancers and not as carriers.…”

“…Among them, six solvents including sunower oil (Su), olive oil (Ol), coconut oil (Co), liquid parafn (LP), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 1,3,23,24 were used in this study as CPEs . The oils (Su, Ol and Co) were chosen becausein previous studies we 21,22 found them as effective enhancers . In addition, since they are natural and edible nutrient oils, they are completely safe.The rest of organic solvents (LP, DMSO and THF) were chosen becausethey are of the most famous enhancers used safely in tremendous FDA 1 approved dermal products .…”

Comparison of calcium phosphate and zinc oxide nanoparticles as dermal penetration enhancers for albumin

“…This process desirably cause elimination of the NPs from the skin. We have proved the enhancer effect of ZnO-NPs on skin penetration of ibuprofen and also on skin penetration of liquid CPEs in our previous works for the first time[ 30 31 ]. These findings highlight the lack of research on the enhancing effects of the CaP-NPs and/or ZnO-NPs in dermal drug delivery.…”