Zinc Deficiency in Reproducing Gilts Fed a Diet high in Calcium and its Effect on Tissue Zinc and Blood Serum Alkaline Phosphatase

Influence of Inorganic and Organic Dietary Zinc on Its Concentration in Blood Serum, Bones and Hair, and Catalytical Activity of Selected Serum Enzymes in Pigs

“…This resulted in serum Zn being at the lower limit of the physiological range (0.70-1.50 g.rnl-1 ), (P u I s 1990) though higherthan the values reported for Zn deficiency (0.40-0.50 g.rnl-1 ), (Hoekstra et al 1967). Nevertheless, this relatively low zinc concentration was not accompanied by reduced diet intake or other clinical manifestations ofZn deficiency.…”

Effect of zinc on immune function in young swine and on models of susceptibility to Serpulina hyodysenteriae infection

“…The condition is characterized by a hyperkeratinization of the skin, retarded growth, listlessness, vomiting, and diarrhea (Kemkamp and Ferrin, 1953;Tucker and Sahnon, 1955). Other effects of zinc deficiency in pigs include reduced rate of gain and feed efficiency, lowered levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, zinc, and albumin (Hoekstra et al, 1956(Hoekstra et al, ,1967Luecke et al, 1957;Theuer and Hoekstra, 1966;Miller etal., 1968Miller etal., ,1970Prasad et al, 1969Prasad et al, , 1971Ku et aL, 1970). Boars fed zinc deficient diets have reduced testicular development , and have a greater zinc requirement than gilts that, in turn, have a higher requirement than barrows (Liptrap et al, 1970;Miller et al, 1970).…”

“…Boars fed zinc deficient diets have reduced testicular development , and have a greater zinc requirement than gilts that, in turn, have a higher requirement than barrows (Liptrap et al, 1970;Miller et al, 1970). A dietary excess or deficiency of zinc results in fewer pigs per litter and smaller pigs (Pond and Jones, 1964;Hoekstra et al, 1967;Hill et al, 1983;Hill and Miller, 1983). Low levels of dietary zinc during the last month of pregnancy prolonged the duration of farrowing in sows (Kalinowski and Chavez, 1984).…”

The effect of reduced levels of inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation on performance, carcass traits, and fecal excretion of grow-finish swine

“…Weanling pig diets are commonly supplemented with 2,000 to 3,000 ppm of zinc oxide in the United States to promote growth. The efficacy of using organic sources of zinc at lower concentrations is reviewed in a later section.Zinc deficiency symptoms in pigs include: parakeratosis (dermatitis), retarded growth (Pond et al, 1964), impaired immune response (Scott and Koski, 2000), impaired reproductive performance (Hoekstra et al, 1967), and a reduction in metallothionein production. Parakeratosis was first reported to be a zinc deficiency in swine by Tucker and Salmon (1955).…”