Asian Americans are immigrant descendants or immigrants themselves. They represent legacies of diverse nations that constitute a major proportion of the world population. In the early to mid-19th century, European Americans experienced the first major influx of Asians to the United States. A large cohort of farmers emigrated from Canton and Fujian (southeastern provinces in China) to seek work building major railways in the United States, during a time when their homeland experienced a number of natural disasters, uprisings among poor farmers, and invasion by foreign troops (Chen, 1940). Now, less than 200 years later, Asian Americans, labeled the "model minority" (Sue & Sue, 2003), account for 5.6% of the U.S. population. This figure is projected to triple by the year 2050 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). Research, however, has not yet provided an in-depth look at the role of religion and spirituality in the lives of these individuals.This chapter aims to clarify the roles played by religion and spirituality in the lives of Asian Americans. The first section describes the diverse religious and spiritual backgrounds found in this group, alongside the diversity of ethnicities constituting the group. The second section describes empirical evidence on the diverse roots of faith and practice in Asian American culture. The third section summarizes the few available studies that provide solid data on the role of religion and spirituality in the lives of Asian Americans. These findings are also discussed in reference to existing and emerging social science theories on religion. The fourth section focuses on Asian-specific religions, particularly East Asian Dao-
CuLTuRAL AND FAITH-BASED DIVERSE ROOTS AMONG ASIAN AMERICANSThe paucity of research on religion and spirituality among Asian Americans is partly due to their cultural, linguistic, socioeconomic, and ideological