Youth Behavior, School Structure, and Student Risk of Victimization

Adolescent school-based sexual victimization: Exploring the role of opportunity in a gender-specific multilevel analysis

“…Without blaming these victims, this approach seeks to identify preventable risk factors or correlates of victimization. A number of studies, for instance, have found that students who associate with delinquent friends and engage in delinquent activities themselves experience elevated risks of school victimization (Burrow & Apel, 2008;Campbell Augustine et al, 2002;George & Thomas, 2000;Ousey, Wilcox, & Brummel, 2008;Schreck et al, 2003;Wilcox, May, & Roberts, 2006). Such findings have been interpreted as consistent with opportunity theory -greater exposure to motivated offenders, as indicated by peer delinquency and one's own delinquency, produces opportunity for victimization.…”

Visible School Security Measures and Student Academic Performance, Attendance, and Postsecondary Aspirations

“…In summary, there is a relatively small body of research providing somewhat conflicting evidence regarding the overall effects of visible security measures on adolescents' academic outcomes. Indeed, most empirical studies have focused on the effects of visible security measures on adolescents' delinquency or victimization outcomes (e.g., Burrow andApel 2008 Jackson 2002;Theriot 2009), with no examination of a crucial indicator of adolescent well-being-namely, success in school.…”

Sex differences in violent school victimization : using self-control to understand variation in victimization.

“…While these findings are generally positive, victimization is occurring at a higher rate within schools as opposed to away from school (Dinkes et aI., 2010;Mayer & Furlong, 2010). This finding is particularly troublesome for educators, principles, and school staff who are charged with ensuring a safe learning environment for students because it is their responsibility to ensure a safe and orderly learning environment (Bowen & Bowen, 1999;Burrow & Apel, 2008;Farrington & Ttofi, 2009) and it places them in a location that can lead to their own victimization (Dinkes et aI., 2010).…”