Young Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

To investigate whether oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) from young (Յ40 years) and older (Ն60 years) patients have differential expression levels of GSTP1, FANCA, FANCC, FANCD2, and FANCG. Design: Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis were used to assess gene and protein expression, respectively. Setting: This study was performed in a research institute within a hospital setting. Patients: Our study group consisted of 104 patients (42 young and 62 older). We collected RNA from 32 OSCC samples (10 young and 22 older patients) for gene expression analysis. Seventy-seven OSCC samples (37 from young and 40 from older patients) were used for protein expression analysis. Five patients were studied in both analyses. Results: Lower expression of GSTP1 (P=.04) and FANCA (P=.01) was observed in the tumors of young compared with older patients. We also detected lower expression of GSTP1 in the tumors of young patients compared with their nondysplastic mucosa (P = .01). FANCA was underexpressed in nondysplastic mucosa of young compared with older patients (P=.01). GSTP1 protein showed negative or low expression in 41% (n=15 of 37) of young vs 5% (n = 2 of 40) of older patient tumors (P = .001). FANCG protein expression was absent or low in 81% (n=30 of 37) of young compared with 36% (n=15 of 40) of older patient tumors (PϽ.001). Conclusions: Differences in expression levels of GSTP1, FANCA, and FANCG in OSCC of young and older patients suggest that different mechanisms may be involved in tumor development through defective carcinogen metabolism and/or DNA repair capabilities. GSTP1 plays a key role in detoxification; therefore, underexpression of this gene in tumors of young patients may cause deficient detoxification that could lead to an increased susceptibility to the development of oral carcinoma.

A Review of the Repair of DNA Double Strand Breaks in the Development of Oral Cancer

“…Cury et al [131] recently examined DNA repair pathway genes from 45 independent and 55 TCGA-derived OSCC young patients, and demonstrated that some two thirds of these individuals had at least one germline variant in DNA repair pathway genes (primarily ATM, RAD51D, BRCA1, BRCA2), FA genes (FANCA, FANCG, FANCM), and DC genes (ACD, TPP1, RTEL1, TERT). These findings support previous observations concerning the FA pathway [132,133].…”

A Review of the Repair of DNA Double Strand Breaks in the Development of Oral Cancer

“…Cury et al [131] recently examined DNA repair pathway genes from 45 independent and 55 TCGA-derived OSCC young patients, and demonstrated that some two thirds of these individuals had at least one germline variant in DNA repair pathway genes (primarily ATM, RAD51D, BRCA1, BRCA2), FA genes (FANCA, FANCG, FANCM), and DC genes (ACD, TPP1, RTEL1, TERT). These findings support previous observations concerning the FA pathway [132,133].…”

Unusual Presentation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Young Woman = عرض غير عادي لسرطان الخلايا الحرشفية في الفم عند إمرأة شابة

“…2,7,16 There were no known risk factors. OSCC in this age is rare, but should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of non-healing buccal ulcers.…”

“…This encodes an enzyme that functions in xenobiotic metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which is involved in the metabolism of carcinogens and/or DNA repair, as seen in other tumour types. 7 Clinical manifestations of OSCC in younger patients have no features to distinguish them from that of older patients; nevertheless, many clinicians tend not to include OSCC as a differential diagnosis in young patients, simply because such disease does not often present in that age range. 2 The reported case presents different characteristics from the OSCC usually reported in epidemiological studies; the patient was young and without a history of alcoholism or excessive tobacco use.…”

“…Those cases represent 3 to 6% of all OSCCs. 3,4,7 In up to 72% of these younger patients, one or more behavioural risk factors are present. Also, men are affected twice as often as women.…”

Are Survival Outcomes Different for Young and Old Patients with Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…This inverse relationship of age with recurrence and DM can be hypothetically explained with two reasons. First, the metastatic process can be protected by the deterioration of the immune system, which happens in old age [50]. Second, the age-dependent reduction in matrix-modifying protease activity of the extracellular matrix may also prevent metastasis in old patients [51].…”

A Review of the Repair of DNA Double Strand Breaks in the Development of Oral Cancer

“…Cury et al [131] recently examined DNA repair pathway genes from 45 independent and 55 TCGA-derived OSCC young patients, and demonstrated that some two thirds of these individuals had at least one germline variant in DNA repair pathway genes (primarily ATM, RAD51D, BRCA1, BRCA2), FA genes (FANCA, FANCG, FANCM), and DC genes (ACD, TPP1, RTEL1, TERT). These findings support previous observations concerning the FA pathway [132,133].…”

Unusual Presentation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Young Woman = عرض غير عادي لسرطان الخلايا الحرشفية في الفم عند إمرأة شابة

“…2,7,16 There were no known risk factors. OSCC in this age is rare, but should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of non-healing buccal ulcers.…”

“…This encodes an enzyme that functions in xenobiotic metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which is involved in the metabolism of carcinogens and/or DNA repair, as seen in other tumour types. 7 Clinical manifestations of OSCC in younger patients have no features to distinguish them from that of older patients; nevertheless, many clinicians tend not to include OSCC as a differential diagnosis in young patients, simply because such disease does not often present in that age range. 2 The reported case presents different characteristics from the OSCC usually reported in epidemiological studies; the patient was young and without a history of alcoholism or excessive tobacco use.…”

“…Those cases represent 3 to 6% of all OSCCs. 3,4,7 In up to 72% of these younger patients, one or more behavioural risk factors are present. Also, men are affected twice as often as women.…”

Are Survival Outcomes Different for Young and Old Patients with Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…This inverse relationship of age with recurrence and DM can be hypothetically explained with two reasons. First, the metastatic process can be protected by the deterioration of the immune system, which happens in old age [50]. Second, the age-dependent reduction in matrix-modifying protease activity of the extracellular matrix may also prevent metastasis in old patients [51].…”

A Review of the Repair of DNA Double Strand Breaks in the Development of Oral Cancer

“…Cury et al [131] recently examined DNA repair pathway genes from 45 independent and 55 TCGA-derived OSCC young patients, and demonstrated that some two thirds of these individuals had at least one germline variant in DNA repair pathway genes (primarily ATM, RAD51D, BRCA1, BRCA2), FA genes (FANCA, FANCG, FANCM), and DC genes (ACD, TPP1, RTEL1, TERT). These findings support previous observations concerning the FA pathway [132,133].…”

Unusual Presentation of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Young Woman = عرض غير عادي لسرطان الخلايا الحرشفية في الفم عند إمرأة شابة

“…2,7,16 There were no known risk factors. OSCC in this age is rare, but should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of non-healing buccal ulcers.…”

“…This encodes an enzyme that functions in xenobiotic metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which is involved in the metabolism of carcinogens and/or DNA repair, as seen in other tumour types. 7 Clinical manifestations of OSCC in younger patients have no features to distinguish them from that of older patients; nevertheless, many clinicians tend not to include OSCC as a differential diagnosis in young patients, simply because such disease does not often present in that age range. 2 The reported case presents different characteristics from the OSCC usually reported in epidemiological studies; the patient was young and without a history of alcoholism or excessive tobacco use.…”

“…Those cases represent 3 to 6% of all OSCCs. 3,4,7 In up to 72% of these younger patients, one or more behavioural risk factors are present. Also, men are affected twice as often as women.…”

Are Survival Outcomes Different for Young and Old Patients with Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…This inverse relationship of age with recurrence and DM can be hypothetically explained with two reasons. First, the metastatic process can be protected by the deterioration of the immune system, which happens in old age [50]. Second, the age-dependent reduction in matrix-modifying protease activity of the extracellular matrix may also prevent metastasis in old patients [51].…”