Young Mangrove Stands Produce a Large and High Quality Litter Input to Aquatic Systems

Nga, B.T.; Tinh, Huynh Quoc; Tam, Dang Thi Minh; Scheffer, Marten; Roijackers, R.M.M.

doi:10.1007/s11273-004-6073-4

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Productivity difference within replanted forests could be due to stand ages, with older plantations producing significantly more propagules that young stand. Similar results were observed by Nga et al (), who reported higher propagule production in 17 and 24 years plantation than in 7 and 11‐year‐old stands of Rhizophora apiculata in Vietnam. These results have implications for the conservation and management of older mangrove stands as seed sources.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Other authors (e.g. Shunula & Whittick ; Nga et al ; Bernini & Rezende ) have observed year round leaf fall, whereas Slim et al () and Arreola‐Lizarraga et al () observed seasonal pattern in mangrove leaf fall, a factor associated with local climatic conditions. Differences in propagules production between reforested and natural mangroves could be due to a combination of age and management practices of the stands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Biomass accumulation rates of reforested stands have also been reported to be higher than in natural forests (Putz & Chan 1986;Kairo et al 2008). Various authors have reported on litter fall of reforested mangrove forests in Asia (Sukardjo & Yamada 1992;Clough et al 2000;Nga et al 2005;Chen et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Litter Fall Dynamics of Restored Mangroves (Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. and Sonneratia alba Sm.) in Kenya

Wang’ondu

Bosire

Kairo

et al. 2014

Restoration Ecology

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Mangrove forests are active carbon sinks and important for nutrient cycling in coastal ecosystems. Restoration of degraded mangrove habitats enhances return of ecosystem goods and services, including carbon sequestration. Our objective was to assess the restoration of primary productivity of reforested mangrove stands in comparison with natural reference stands in Gazi Bay, Kenya. Litter fall data were collected in nine Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia alba monospecific stands by use of litter traps over 2 years. Litter was emptied monthly, dried, sorted, and weighed. The reforested and natural stands showed seasonality patterns only in the production of reproductive material. Leaves constituted the highest percentage to total litter fall. Litter productivity rates for the R. mucronata stands were not significantly different and ranged from 6.61–10.15 to 8.36–11.02 t ha−1 yr−1 for the restored and natural stands, respectively. The productivity of 5 years R. mucronata stands reached 5.22 t ha−1 yr−1 and was significantly different from other stands. Litter productivity rates for S. alba stands was 7.77–7.85 for the restored stands and 10.15 t ha−1 yr−1 for the natural stand but differences were not significant. Our results indicate that plantations of at least 11 years have attained litter productivity rates comparable to the natural forests. This suggests that productivity of replanted mangroves is likely to reach complete recovery by this age under the prevailing environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Litter Fall Dynamics of Restored Mangroves (Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. and Sonneratia alba Sm.) in Kenya

Wang’ondu

Bosire

Kairo

et al. 2014

Restoration Ecology

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“…However, the effects of mangrove leaves on shrimp farming have not been well studied. Nga et al (2005) recently established a positive relation between the input of litter and shrimp production in the ditches. In a practical sense, this result means that an increase in litter input (70% of which consists of leaves) can boost shrimp production -unless the benefits of the presence of leaves are neutralized by the detrimental effects mentioned above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Decomposing Rhizophora apiculata Leaves on Larvae of the Shrimp Penaeus monodon

et al. 2006

Self Cite

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We studied the effects of different concentrations of decomposing Rhizophora apiculata leaves and their leachates on larvae of the shrimp Penaeus monodon under laboratory conditions. Shrimp mortality was highly dependent on the concentration of oxygen in the water, which in turn was strongly correlated to the amount of decomposing leaves in the same water. Shrimps died after 5 min when placed in water containing the highest concentration of mangrove leachates (15 g l )1 ) tested in our experiments. Shrimp survival and biomass decreased significantly when the shrimp were cultured at the relatively higher concentrations of leaves and leachates (10 and 15 g l )1 ); in contrast, moderate amounts of leaves or their leachates (2.5-5 g l )1 ) had positive effects on shrimps. The survival and biomass of shrimps cultured with plastic leaves was lower than those of shrimps cultured with mangrove leaves, indicating that food derived from mangrove leaves contributed to a higher shrimp survival and biomass. These results have important implications for the culture of shrimps in extensive mangrove-shrimp systems. While litter may promote shrimp production, high leaf concentrations may have negative effects due to the drop in the oxygen concentration. Water circulation may help to prevent low oxygen conditions and reduce local accumulations of mangrove leaves.

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“…Following restoration of mangrove forests, ecosystem components and processes including leaf litter production, microbiological activity, and faunal communities change with environmental factors (Clough et al ; Nga et al ; Chen et al ; Ye et al ; Li & Ye ). It has been suggested that ecosystem processes require more time than ecosystem components to reach levels equivalent to those of a mature forest (Osland et al ; Ye et al ; Chen et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate of leaf litter in restored Kandelia obovata (S. L.) mangrove forests with different ages in Jiulong River Estuary, China

Chen

et al. 2019

Restoration Ecology

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Ecological processing of leaf litter plays important roles in carbon dynamics of mangrove forests. Fate of leaf litter, that is, removal by crabs, microbial decomposition, and tidal export was quantified in two restored Kandelia obovata forests with ages of 24 years and 48 years, respectively, from December 2009 to November 2010. Crab abundance was also investigated to test the role of crabs in leaf litter processing. Daily leaf litter production was 1.064 ± 0.108 g C m−2 day−1 at the 24‐year forest and was 0.689 ± 0.040 g C m−2 day−1 at the 48‐year forest. Annual mean removal of leaf litter by crabs was lower at the 24‐year forest than at the 48‐year forest (0.177 ± 0.046 g C m−2 day−1 vs. 0.220 ± 0.050 g C m−2 day−1), due to a higher crab abundance at the older forest. Microbial decomposition and change in standing stock of leaf litter on the forest floor made a negligible contribution to the annual leaf litter production. Tidal exports of leaf litter were estimated as 0.875 ± 0.090 g C m−2 day−1 and 0.458 ± 0.086 g C m−2 day−1 at the 24‐year and 48‐year forests, respectively, accounting for 82.2% and 66.5% of their daily leaf litter production. Turnover rate of leaf litter was higher at the younger forest (1.7 ± 0.4 day−1) than the older forest (1.2 ± 0.3 day−1). Removal of leaf litter by crabs was higher in warm months while tidal export of leaf litter showed a much less apparent seasonal pattern. Spatial variations of crab removal and tidal export of leaf litter with forest zones were observed within each forest, while microbial decomposition of leaf litter was comparable among the different zones. These indicated that the ecosystem functions of restored mangrove forest could not reach a level equivalent to those of a mature forest even 24 years after restoration.

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Young Mangrove Stands Produce a Large and High Quality Litter Input to Aquatic Systems

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Litter Fall Dynamics of Restored Mangroves (Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. and Sonneratia alba Sm.) in Kenya

Litter Fall Dynamics of Restored Mangroves (Rhizophora mucronata Lamk. and Sonneratia alba Sm.) in Kenya

Effects of Decomposing Rhizophora apiculata Leaves on Larvae of the Shrimp Penaeus monodon

Fate of leaf litter in restored Kandelia obovata (S. L.) mangrove forests with different ages in Jiulong River Estuary, China

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