Young Adult Gambling Behaviors and their Relationship with the Persistence of ADHD

Breyer, Jessie L.; Botzet, Andria; Winters, Ken C.; Stinchfield, Randy; August, Gerald J.; Realmuto, George M.

doi:10.1007/s10899-009-9126-z

Cited by 152 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For many authors, ADHD and PG may share several neurocognitive anomalies, such as impulsivity, lack of inhibition, attention deficit, changes in executive functions, decision-making difficulties, and even disruptions to the processes of reward and punishment [14,16,34,35] . Impulsivity is considered to be a cardinal feature for both ADHD and PB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases this is due to a limited sample size (only 14 pathological gamblers were recruited in the Carlton study), or to the retrospective nature of the ADHD assessment, while in others it is a selection bias related to the choice of the population studied. The study by Breyer et al [16] avoids these pitfalls and is therefore all the more interesting. The authors included subjects taken from the general population, aged between 7 and 11 years, and assessed them again between the ages of 18 and 24.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Pathological and At-Risk Gamblers Seeking Treatment: A Hidden Disorder

Grall‐Bronnec¹,

Wainstein²,

Augy³

et al. 2011

Eur Addict Res

122

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Background: The links between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders have been the subject of numerous papers. Few studies, however, have focused specifically on the relationship between ADHD and behavioural addictions. The aim of this study was to (i) examine the frequency of pathological and at-risk gamblers having a previous history of ADHD; (ii) give details of the characteristics of this association, and (iii) identify risk factors for a history of ADHD. Methods: 84 pathological and at-risk gamblers were assessed about socio-demographic, gambling and clinical characteristics. Results: Over 25% of the subjects had a history of ADHD. They were characterized as having more severe gambling problems and a higher level of gambling-related cognitions, a higher frequency of psychiatric comorbidities and an elevated risk of suicide. Finally, they differed in their level and type of impulsivity. Among pathological and at-risk gamblers, a high level of impulsivity, or a history of anxiety disorders, constitute risk factors for a comorbidity with ADHD. Conclusion: The association ‘ADHD-problem gambling’ therefore appears to be not only frequent, but also linked to factors that are known to worsen the prognosis. Researching this relationship is therefore important to adapt strategies for effective future therapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Pathological and At-Risk Gamblers Seeking Treatment: A Hidden Disorder

Grall‐Bronnec¹,

Wainstein²,

Augy³

et al. 2011

Eur Addict Res

122

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“…Based on the available literature, the following psychopathologies were included: depression [48], anxiety [49], symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) [50], obsessive-compulsive symptoms [51], social phobia [52], and hostility/aggression [53]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Pathological Internet Use and Comorbid Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

et al. 2012

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Background: Pathological Internet use (PIU) has been conceptualized as an impulse-control disorder that shares characteristics with behavioral addiction. Research has indicated a potential link between PIU and psychopathology; however, the significance of the correlation remains ambiguous. The primary objective of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate studies performed on the correlation between PIU and comorbid psychopathology; the secondary aims were to map the geographical distribution of studies, present a current synthesis of the evidence, and assess the quality of available research. Sampling and Methods: An electronic literature search was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsychINFO, Global Health, and Web of Science. PIU and known synonyms were included in the search. Data were extracted based on PIU and psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive symptoms, social phobia and hostility/aggression. Effect sizes for the correlations observed were identified from either the respective publication or calculated using Cohen’s d or R². The potential effect of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot model and evaluated by Egger’s test based on a linear regression. Results: The majority of research was conducted in Asia and comprised cross-sectional designs. Only one prospective study was identified. Twenty articles met the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria; 75% reported significant correlations of PIU with depression, 57% with anxiety, 100% with symptoms of ADHD, 60% with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and 66% with hostility/aggression. No study reported associations between PIU and social phobia. The majority of studies reported a higher rate of PIU among males than females. The relative risks ranged from an OR of 1.02 to an OR of 11.66. The strongest correlations were observed between PIU and depression; the weakest was hostility/aggression. Conclusions: Depression and symptoms of ADHD appeared to have the most significant and consistent correlation with PIU. Associations were reported to be higher among males in all age groups. Limitations included heterogeneity in the definition and diagnosis of PIU. More studies with prospective designs in Western countries are critically needed.

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“…Certains auteurs emploient aussi le terme « adulte émergeant » en faisant référence à la période de transition entre l'adolescence et l'âge adulte (Lambe, Mackinnon et Stewart, 2014 ;. Le jeu est courant dans cette tranche d'âge, comme le montrent plusieurs études (Breyer et al, 2009 ;. Les taux ont doublé récemment : à l'heure actuelle, environ 7 à 11 % de la population adulte émergeante a un problème de dépendance au jeu .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Some authors also use the term "emerging adulthood" when referring to the transitional period between adolescence and adulthood (Lambe, Mackinnon & Stewart, 2014;. Gambling in this age range is common, as demonstrated by several studies (Breyer et al, 2009;. Rates have recently doubled; currently, around 7-11% of the emerging adult population has gambling problems .…”

Section: Institutional Affiliation and Addresses: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jeu pathologique et troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances : effets de l’incidence à un jeune âge et de la personnalité

Jiménez‐Murcia

Granero

Tárrega

et al. 2016

dss

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Objectifs : Comparer la consommation de substances, les comportements de jeu et les traits de personnalité de deux groupes d’individus ayant un trouble de jeu pathologique (patients jeunes et adultes) ; explorer l’apport du sexe, de l’âge et des traits de personnalités sur la consommation de substances et évaluer la capacité de prédire la consommation de substances à partir de l’âge et des traits de personnalité. Méthodes : L’échantillon était formé de 428 patients ayant un trouble de jeu pathologique (TJP), divisés en deux groupes selon l’âge (55 jeunes patients [âge ≤ 25 ans] et 373 patients d’âge moyen à avancé [âge > 25 ans]). Tous les patients ont été admis dans un département de psychiatrie et diagnostiqués selon les critères du DSM-IV. En outre, d’autres évaluations cliniques, dont le Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pathological Gambling en vertu des critères du DSM-IV, le South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) et le Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), ont été utilisées pour examiner les comportements de jeu, la consommation de substances et la personnalité. Résultats : À la comparaison des deux groupes d’âge, nous avons observé des différences statistiquement significatives pour plusieurs variables sociodémographiques. En outre, les plus jeunes patients ayant un TJP présentaient un taux plus élevé de consommation de substances (p = 0,010). Pour ce qui est des traits de personnalité, des différences ont été remarquées seulement à l’échelle de recherche de nouveautés (RN) où les patients plus jeunes obtenaient des cotes élevées (p = 0,006). Des cotes plus élevées (p =0,022) à l’échelle de recherche de nouveautés (RN) et plus basses (p = 0,028) à l’échelle d’auto-transcendance représentaient des traits de personnalité ayant une interrelation significative avec la consommation de tabac (p = 0,003). Toutefois, seul l’âge était associé à la consommation d’autres substances (p =0,003). Conclusions : Les résultats confirment que le trouble de jeu pathologique (TJP) est souvent concomitant avec la consommation de substances. L’interrelation du TJP et de la consommation de tabac, d’alcool et d’autres substances entraîne une gamme d’implications cliniques et liées à la personnalité, particulièrement chez les populations jeunes. Puisque plusieurs études ont démontré que le taux de TJP est plus élevé chez les jeunes, le début précoce du trouble est souvent lié à une gravité accrue et à une persistance des problèmes de jeu. En outre, la présence d’un double diagnostic (consommation de substances) pourrait compliquer la réponse aux traitements. Pour cette raison, l’étude des populations jeunes est d’un intérêt particulier afin de concevoir et de mettre en oeuvre des programmes de traitement qui abordent tous les problèmes liés aux profils cliniques de ce groupe d’âge.

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Young Adult Gambling Behaviors and their Relationship with the Persistence of ADHD

Cited by 152 publications

References 43 publications

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Pathological and At-Risk Gamblers Seeking Treatment: A Hidden Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Pathological and At-Risk Gamblers Seeking Treatment: A Hidden Disorder

The Association between Pathological Internet Use and Comorbid Psychopathology: A Systematic Review

Jeu pathologique et troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances : effets de l’incidence à un jeune âge et de la personnalité

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