Yolk sac tumor of the testis discovered on a routine annual sonogram in a boy with testicular microlithiasis.

McEniff, Niall; Doherty, Frederick J.; Katz, Judith; Schrager, C A; Klauber, George T.

doi:10.2214/ajr.164.4.7726059

Cited by 83 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Testicular tumor has not been detected during the follow-up of pediatric patient groups with TM; however, these cohorts consisted of small numbers of patients with varying periods of follow-up [6,8,33]. Case reports of testicular tumors in the pediatric population detected during follow-up of TM are scarce [34,35,36,37] (table 2). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Testicular Microlithiasis in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Its Association with Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors

et al. 2010

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Background: Testicular microlithiasis (TM) is characterized by calcium deposits within the seminiferous tubules and is associated with benign and malign conditions. Aim: To determine TM prevalence in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and its association with testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART). Patients and Methods: Scrotal ultrasound using a high-frequency linear transducer (12 MHz) was performed in 41 patients aged 12.1 ± 4.7 (range 3.5–23.3) years and 49 healthy similarly aged controls. TM was classified with respect to the number of microliths per ultrasound field as limited (LTM, <5 microliths) and classic (CTM, ≧ 5 microliths). CTM was graded as grade 1 (5–10 microliths), grade 2 (11–20 microliths), and grade 3 (>20 microliths). Results: TM was detected bilaterally in 9 (21.9%) patients and 2 (4.1%) control cases (1 bilateral, 1 unilateral). Four patients had LTM, one evaluated as grade 1, one as grade 2, and three as grade 3. There were 9 patients with TART. Four patients had TM and TART concomitantly. Conclusion: Because TM is frequently found in patients with CAH and may also exist concomitantly with TART, we recommend that these patients be followed annually by testicular ultrasound.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Testicular Microlithiasis in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Its Association with Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors

et al. 2010

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“…Isolated case reports suggest the identification of testicular tumours on long-term follow-up in boys with testicular microlithiasis. In one case report, a 17-year-old boy presented with asymmetry of the testis and the ultrasound revealed microcalcifications [32]. His tumour markers were negative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He was followed up with yearly ultrasound and 4 years later, the development of a testicular mass was detected which coincided with a rise in the tumour markers. He underwent orchidectomy and the histology suggested a yolk sac tumour [32]. In another report, an 11-year-old boy was noted to have testicular microlithiasis with negative tumour markers; however, 5 years later on follow-up ultrasound, he was noted to have a hyperechoic lesion along with elevated tumour markers, and histology revealed an embryonal carcinoma [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gonadotrophin-Independent Precocious Puberty Associated with Later Diagnosis of Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma

Senniappan

Wood²,

Hakeem

et al. 2014

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: Testicular tumours are very rare in children. Germ cell tumours (GCTs) account for the majority of testicular tumours in young people, and embryonal carcinomas are a common component of GCTs in adolescents. Case Presentation: A 9.8-year-old boy presented with the development of pubic and facial hair over a period of 2 years. He had a growth spurt and examination revealed pubertal staging of G4 P4 A2 with a 6-mls testis on the right and a 4-mls testis on the left. Investigations revealed suppressed gonadotrophins, a testosterone concentration of 10.3 nmol/l and normal 17-hydroxyprogesterone and adrenal androgen levels. Tumour markers were negative. Following treatment with anastrazole, his height velocity slowed down. At the age of 13.7 years, his treatment was stopped. At the age of 14.8 years, he presented with a grossly enlarged right testis and elevated beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (>1,400 IU/l). He underwent right orchidectomy and histology revealed an embryonal carcinoma with no vascular invasion. Analysis of luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotrophin receptor revealed no mutation. Conclusion: We present a case of testicular embryonal carcinoma in a boy who had presented 5 years before with features suggestive of gonadotrophin-independent precocious puberty.

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“…To our knowledge, 13 reports related to 15 patients with testicular microlithiasis who subsequently had testicular cancer have been published in the literature so far ( table 2 ) [7][8][9][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . Regarding the prevalence of testicular tumors, this number seems very low in order to accept testicular microlithiasis as a premalignant disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Follow-Up of Testicular Microlithiasis for Subsequent Testicular Cancer Development

Pourbagher¹,

Kılınç

Güvel

et al. 2005

Urol Int

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Introduction: To demonstrate the relationship between testicular microlithiasis and testicular tumor development. Patients and Methods: Between January 1996 and March 2004, bilateral testicular microlithiasis was found in 40 of the 5,263 patients who underwent scrotal ultrasonography yielding a prevalence of 0.76%. Of the 40 patients, 4 patients with concomitant testicular tumors were excluded from the study. The remaining 36 patients were enrolled into the study and followed by ultrasonography at 6-month intervals. Results: Patient ages ranged between 1 and 69 years (mean 31 ± 14 years). The median ultrasonography follow-up was 34 months (range, 1–96). Testicular tumor development was not observed in any of these 36 patients during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Extensive evaluation including computerized tomography, testicular tumor markers and testicular biopsyof patients with testicular microlithiasis is unnecessary and also increases patient anxiety. Yet annual ultrasonography and physical examination should be performed if ever until testicular microlithiasis is completely accepted as a nonpremalignant disease.

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Yolk sac tumor of the testis discovered on a routine annual sonogram in a boy with testicular microlithiasis.

Cited by 83 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence of Testicular Microlithiasis in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Its Association with Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors

Prevalence of Testicular Microlithiasis in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Its Association with Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors

Gonadotrophin-Independent Precocious Puberty Associated with Later Diagnosis of Testicular Embryonal Carcinoma

Follow-Up of Testicular Microlithiasis for Subsequent Testicular Cancer Development

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