Yield and quality of different kidney bean varieties

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the yield and quality of different kidney bean varieties. Methods. Field (determination of yield); laboratory (determination of the 1000 kernel weight and the protein and starch content in grain); mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. On average, over two years of research, the highest yield (3.31 t/ha) was obtained in ‘Podolianka’ variety, while the lowest (1.02 t/ha) in ‘Dvadesiatytsia’. The yield at the level of 2.04–2.72 t/ha was obtained in varieties ‘Bilosnizhka’, ‘Pervomaiska’, ‘Oniks’, ‘Bukovynka’, ‘Mavka’, ‘Zhuravka’, and ‘Shchedra’. However, the yield was 22–62% lower compared to ‘Podolianka’ variety. The yield of the rest studied varieties varied from 1.29 to 1.81 t/ha. The highest 1000 kernel weight was obtained in ‘Podolianka’ and ‘Bukovynka’ varieties (230 and 245 g, respectively). This indicator was the lowest in ‘Zlatko’ and ‘Dvadesiatytsia’, 106 and 113 g, respectively. In the rest of studied varieties, 1000 kernel weight ranged between 123 and 210 g. The highest protein content of 30.2% was obtained in ‘Onyx’ variety. In ‘Zhuravka’ and ‘Podolianka’ varieties, the protein content was 27.0–27.2%. The lowest protein content of 19.4% was obtained in the grain of ‘Dvadesiatytsia' variety. In the rest of varieties, this indicator was 20.0–26.0%. At the same time, the stability index of protein content formation was high – 0.94–0.99. The protein content of kidney bean grains in 2022 was higher (19.7–30.4%) and in 2021 lower (19.1–30.0%). The content of starch in kidney bean grains changed inversely proportional to the protein content, i.e., in 2021, this indicator was higher and in 2022 lower. However, the starch content changed little depending on the year, as the stability index was high and ranged between 0.97 and 0.99. Conclusions. The highest yield of 3.10–3.52 t/ha was obtained in ‘Podolianka’ variety. At the same time, the content of protein and starch in the grain was 26.4–28.0 and 40.5–41.5%, respectively; the 1000 kernel weight was 219–241 g. The highest protein content was in ‘Onyx’ variety – 30.0–30.4% for the yield of 2.00–2.64 t/ha. At the same time, 1000-kernel weight in this variety was 146–164 g. Kidney bean varieties react differently to weather conditions as the yield stability index varied between 0.52 and 0.88. However, the stability index for the formation of protein content was high – 0.94–0.99.