Yanshu spraying agent, a traditional Chinese medicine, relieves chronic pharyngitis in animals by anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects

Lu, Chengwen; Song, Yanqin; Zhang, Jianqiao; Du, Yuan; Wang, Tian; Xue, Yunli; Fu, Fenghua; Zhang, Leiming

doi:10.3892/etm.2014.1524

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Although there are many antibiotics, glucocorticoids, and NSAIDs that can inhibit the exacerbation of pharyngitis, the side effects of these drugs can be significant to the point of intolerability over extended periods of use. At present, the treatment of CP with TCM is a popular and acceptable curative treatment [13,31,32]. TCM has relatively limited side-effects, does not adversely impact the microbiome, is inexpensive, and is thus a good candidate for long-term treatment, in comparison with antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Chen

Luo

Lei

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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Background: Ganluyin (GLY) is a famous classical prescription with a long history of use as a treatment for inflammatory conditions such as chronic pharyngitis (CP) in many parts of China. However, it has not been developed as a modern pharmaceutic and its anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy of GLY and potential mechanisms in a rat model of CP. Methods: The chemical profile of GLY was analyzed by HPLC-UV. We used a mouse model of ear edema and a rat model of paw edema. Specifically, xylene was used to induce edema on the surface of one ear in mice, and carrageenan was injected subcutaneously into the right hind paws of rats to induce paw edema. The paw thickness, ear weight, and ear perfusion were measured and recorded. The CP model in rats was induced by irritating the throat with 5% ammonia and was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of GLY. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured by ELISA in serum, and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65) in the throat were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GLY. Hematological assays were also conducted. Results: There were four flavonoids identified in GLY: naringin, neohesperidin, baicalin, and wogonoside. The oral administration of GLY showed a significant inhibitory effect on xylene-induced ear swelling and ear blood flow in mice and significantly ameliorated rat right hind paw edema at doses of 6.2 and 12.4 g/kg. Mechanistic studies found that the anti-inflammatory activity of GLY was related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 and that GLY reduced the expression of COX-2 and NF-κB p65 proteins in the throat, attenuated throat injury, and reduced inflammatory exudates. Hematological analysis showed that treatment with GLY prevented increases in white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte (LYMPH) and monocyte (MONO) levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Chen

Luo

Lei

et al. 2020

BMC Complement Med Ther

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“…Pharyngitis. Patients with pharyngitis are mainly characterized by dryness of the pharyngeal cavity, foreign body sensation, itching sensation, irritating cough, and aching feeling and swelling in the throat [19]. TCM usually depends on the principle of "Shengjin Runzao Huatan" to relieve symptoms of patients with pharyngitis.…”

Section: Rstf Significantly Ameliorate the Symptoms Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advanced bubble diagram is displayed in four dimensions: enriched content (pathway involved), enriched gene quantity, enrichment ratio (enrichment factor), and enriched salience. The principle of the bubble diagram is very simple; that is, according to the order of significance of enrichment from high to low, the first few pathways with the highest significance (generally [15][16][17][18][19][20] are selected, and the number of genes enriched is multidimensionally displayed. As shown in Figure 4(d), candidate targets could mainly be assigned to the defence response to the bacterium, immune response, NF-κB pathway, response to drug, and DNA damage response signalling pathways.…”

Section: Mediators Of Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relieving Sore Throat Formula Exerts a Therapeutic Effect on Pharyngitis through Immunoregulation and NF-κB Pathway

Ding

Wei

et al. 2020

Mediators of Inflammation

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Relieving Sore Throat Formula (RSTF) is a formula approved by the China Food and Drug Administration and has been used for the treatment of pharyngitis in clinic for many years. However, the potential pharmacological mechanism still remains unknown. We combined multiple methods including bioinformatics data digging, network pharmacology analysis, and pathway analysis to predict the potential target of RSTF. We verified our in silico prediction results with an in vivo/vitro antibacterial effect test, mouse phagocytic index test, proliferation, transformation, and migration of mouse spleen lymphocytes. Alteration of NF-κB pathway was determined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and PCR. The in vivo experiments demonstrated that the RSTF could significantly relieve the symptoms of pharyngitis. A rat saliva secretion test showed that RSTF can effectively relieve the xerostomia symptom. A phenol red excretion test showed that RSTF has an eliminating phlegm effect. A hot plate method and granuloma experiment proved that RSTF also have analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. In silico prediction demonstrates that 70 active compounds of RSTF were filtered out through ADME screening and 84 putative targets correlated with different diseases. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the candidate targets were mostly related to the response to bacteria and immunity signalling pathways, which are known contributors to pharyngitis. Experimental results confirmed that RSTF exerted therapeutic effects on pharyngitis mainly by antibacterial effect and downregulation of NF-κB activities. It is demonstrated both in silico and in vivo/vitro that RSTF exerted therapeutic effects on pharyngitis mainly through an antibiotic effect and downregulation of NF-κB signalling pathway.

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“…In China, acute pharyngitis is mainly treated with antiviral drugs, antibiotics or traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) [ 2 , 3 ]. TCM plays an increasingly important role in the treatment of chronic pharyngitis, for the etiology of chronic pharyngitis is complex, and many studies have shown that TCM shows significant effect on this disease [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network Pharmacology Identifies the Mechanisms of Sang‐Xing‐Zhi‐Ke‐Fang against Pharyngitis

Deng

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Sang-Xing-Zhi-Ke-Fang (SXZKF) demonstrates good therapeutic effect against pharyngitis. Nevertheless, the pharmacological mechanism underlying its effectiveness is still unclear. Objective. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of SXZKF against pharyngitis using network pharmacology method. Methods. Bioactive ingredients of SXZKF were collected and screened using published literature and two public databases. Using four public databases, the overlapping genes between these bioactive compound-related and pharyngitis-related genes were identified by Venn diagram. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) was obtained using “Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING)” database. “Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery ver. 6.8 (DAVID 6.8)” was used to perform Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms of SXZKF against pharyngitis. Finally, Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to construct and visualize the networks. Result. A total of 102 bioactive compounds were identified. Among them, 886 compounds-related and 6258 pharyngitis-related genes were identified, including 387 overlapping genes. Sixty-three core targets were obtained, including ALB, PPARγ, MAPK3, EGF, and PTGS2. Signaling pathways closely related to mechanisms of SXZKF for pharyngitis were identified, including serotonergic synapse, VEGF signaling pathway, Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and influenza A. Conclusion. This is the first identification of in-depth study of SXZKF against pharyngitis using network pharmacology. This new evidence could be informative in providing new support on the clinical effects of SXZKF on pharyngitis and for the development of personalized medicine for pharyngitis.

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Yanshu spraying agent, a traditional Chinese medicine, relieves chronic pharyngitis in animals by anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Anti-inflammatory effect of Ganluyin, a Chinese classic prescription, in chronic pharyngitis rat model

Relieving Sore Throat Formula Exerts a Therapeutic Effect on Pharyngitis through Immunoregulation and NF-κB Pathway

Network Pharmacology Identifies the Mechanisms of Sang‐Xing‐Zhi‐Ke‐Fang against Pharyngitis

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