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Energy use, together with consumption of raw materials, machine clothing, and wet end chemicals, are some of the most critical aspects in successful tissue making today. This work was aimed at developing a laboratory-scale method of estimating dewatering mechanisms, vacuum efficiency, and energy use of Through Air Drying (TAD) of tissue. When compared to pilot data, the results of the new laboratory method for investigating dewatering during TAD were in the same magnitude, around 24 to 26% dryness after vacuum dewatering, and 27 to 29% dryness after TAD molding. Sheet properties, such as caliper and surface profile, were evaluated and compared to commercial tissue sheets. The results indicate that it will be possible to precisely measure accurate dryness development and penetrated air volume for tissue sheet forming and TAD molding at a laboratory scale. This can contribute to the efforts of implementing a circular forest-based bioeconomy by increasing the fundamental understanding of dewatering of tissue paper materials, which is facilitated by improvements in energy use. The new method developed in this work will make it easier to assess ideas that are difficult to bring to pilot scale or full scale before learning more of the dewatering capabilities. The authors are convinced that improved knowledge of tissue dewatering mechanisms, forming, and material transport during and after TAD dewatering can increase the efficiency of the industrial manufacturing processes.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for studying water removal and air penetration during through air drying of tissue in laboratory scale

Sjöstrand

Danielsson

Lestelius

2023

“…In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards and the improvement of the production process of wooden doors, consumers have put forward higher requirements for wooden doors. The requirements of people for wooden doors are not only a partition between two spaces but also the pursuit of their physical and chemical properties and good feedback for their sensory perception and emotional satisfaction (Hu et al 2020b). The analysis of materials in the wooden door market in recent years can be summarised as the trend of environmental protection of wooden door materials, the intelligence of wooden door production, and the diversification of wooden door surface decoration materials.…”

Section: Trends In the Materials Of Wooden Doorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yu et al (2021) used a combination of eye-tracking techniques and subjective evaluations to investigate preferences for rosewood and wenge wood of different shades and lightness values. Hu et al (2020a) summarised the current development status and problems of the traditional wood dyeing process and the induced colour change process and proposed colour improvement with photonic crystal structures-a clean and pollution-free ecological biomimetic colouring technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wooden door preferences based on lifestyle theory and consumer behaviour theory

Zhou

Wang

Kaner

et al. 2023

This paper analyses users with different lifestyles and consumer behaviour, and then segments wooden door users with different consumer preferences, to inspire wooden door companies in their product design and further research on wooden doors. In this paper, a wooden door user research questionnaire was created based on Lifestyle Theory and Consumer Behaviour Theory, and data collection was completed at Nanjing Forestry University. The collected data were analysed using cluster analysis, factor analysis, cross-over analysis, and other analysis methods. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to simplify the analysis model and process the data, and finally the wooden door users were divided into four categories. The categories were trendy home users, budget-conscious sensible users, basic needs users, and impulsive enjoyable users. Male users were found to be more likely to be “trendy home users” and “impulsive enjoyable users,” while female users were more likely to be “budget-conscious sensible users” and “trendy home users.” For the number of users, the “trendy home users” were the most numerous, followed by the “budget-conscious sensible users.” The age of wooden door users in this study was mainly distributed between 21 to 30 years old, of which “freelancers” accounted for the highest percentage.

“…The main components in wood that affect the wood's color are lignin and extracts. During HT, the chemical changes of hemicellulose and lignin can result in a change in the wood color (Ding et al 2017;Hu et al 2020). The colors of Pterocarpus macrocarpus are easy to change due to its richness in extractives (13.8%) (Tomak et al 2011;Chen 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of vacuum heat treatment and wax impregnation on the color of Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz.

Yang

Tianqi

Yin

2020

Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz. wood was vacuum heat treated (VHT)　at 120, 150, and 180 °C, under a pressure of 13.3 kPa. Half of the VHT specimens at 120 and 150 °C were subjected to wax impregnation　(WI) for 48 h at 90 °C under an atmospheric pressure. The effect of VHT and WI on wood color were investigated. The results showed that the VHT at 120 and 150 °C resulted in minor changes in lightness (L*), green-red chromatic coordinate (a*), blue-yellow chromatic coordinate (b*), total color change (ΔE*), and chroma (C*). However, the effect of VHT on L*, a*, b*, and C* at 180 °C became more obvious over the duration. After WI, the L*, a*, b*, and C* of the VHT wood at moderate temperatures varied noticeably, showing similar behavior with the VHT wood at 180 °C as L*, b*, and C* decreased and ΔE increased. However, a* increased after WI compared to that of VHT at 180 °C. The wood color of P. macrocarpus Kurz. after WI became reddish and blue, and the color deviation decreased. The wood color was closer to the dark mahogany, which facilitates its further application in rosewood furniture and woodwork art.