Xylo-oligosaccharides inhibit pathogen adhesion to enterocytes in vitro

Ebersbach, Tine; Andersen, Jens Bo; Bergström, Anders; Hutkins, Robert W.; Licht, Tine Rask

doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2011.10.003

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The resemblance of certain GOS to saccharide-containing glycoproteins used by many pathogens to attach to intestinal cells has also been reported (59) . Due to structural similarities between goats' milk oligosaccharides and gut cell surface carbohydrate groups, these compounds, especially sialylated and fucosylated oligosaccharides, may reduce pathogen adhesion to gut epithelial cells by acting as soluble analogues of host cell receptors and/or changing the expression of such structures (60)(61)(62) . In addition, oligosaccharides have also been shown to mediate protection against intestinal pathogens by enhancing immune function (11) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligosaccharides in goats’ milk-based infant formula and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties

et al. 2019

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Human milk contains an abundant supply and diverse array of oligosaccharides that are known to impart significant health benefits to the nursing infant including establishment and maintenance of a healthy gut microflora, immune development and protection against gastrointestinal infections. When breastfeeding is not possible or insufficient, infant formulas are commonly used as an alternative. However, limited information is available about the presence of naturally occurring oligosaccharides in these infant formulas and their likely health benefits. The present study examined the presence of naturally occurring oligosaccharides in commercial goats’ milk-based stage 1 and stage 2 infant formulas and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties. LC/MS was used to detect and quantify oligosaccharides and their prebiotic potential was assessed by their ability, at concentrations present in reconstituted ready-to-use infant formula, to promote the growth of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB12, B. longum BB536, Lactobacillus acidophilus 4461 and L. casei 2607 in vitro. For anti-infection properties, the ability of goat milk oligosaccharides to prevent the adhesion of Escherichia coli NCTC 10418 and a Salmonella typhimurium isolate to Caco-2 cells was investigated. The results showed the presence of fourteen quantifiable oligosaccharides in stage 1 and stage 2 goats’ milk-based infant formula. This was similar to the number of oligosaccharides detected in the fresh goats’ milk. Of these, five were structurally similar to those found in human milk. These oligosaccharides were shown to significantly enhance the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and reduce the adhesion of E. coli NCTC 10418 and S. typhimurium to Caco-2 cells. Together, these results suggest that oligosaccharides naturally present in goats’ milk-based infant formula exhibit strong prebiotic and anti-pathogen adhesion properties and may confer gut health benefits to infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligosaccharides in goats’ milk-based infant formula and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties

et al. 2019

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“…For example, GOS present in milk and lactulose are capable to constrain adherence of Campylobacter jejuni, E. coli, Helicobacter pylori and other pathogens (Miller and McVeagh, 1999;Newburg, 1999;Kunz et al, 2000;Morrow et al, 2005;Newburg et al, 2005;Shoaf et al, 2006). The structures of LDCs are highly associated to their function as it was reported that FOS, inulin, XOS and their mixtures induce greater inhibition of pathogens than lactulose, lactitol, starch and dextran (Fooks and Gibson, 2002;Ebersbach et al, 2012). Furthermore, structural features, such the type of bond and DP, affect the fermentation rate, defining the release rate of inhibitory metabolic end products (Fooks and Gibson, 2002).…”

Section: Prevention Of Bacterial Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics to Fight Diseases: Reality or Fiction?

Bartolomeo

Startek

Ende

2012

Phytotherapy Research

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Bacteria living in the gastrointestinal tract are crucial for human health and disease occurrence. Increasing the beneficial intestinal microflora by consumption of prebiotics, which are 'functional foods', could be an elegant way to limit the number and incidence of disorders and to recover from dysbiosis or antibiotic treatments. This review focuses on the short-chain low-digestible carbohydrates (LDCs) which are metabolized by gut microbiota serving as energy source, immune system enhancers or facilitators of mineral uptake. Intake of foods containing LDCs can improve the state of health and may prevent diseases as for example certain forms of cancer. Given the large number of different molecules belonging to LDCs, we focused our attention on fructans (inulin, fructo-oligosaccharides), galacto-oligosaccharides and resistant starches and their therapeutic and protective applications. Evidence is accumulating that LDCs can inhibit bacterial and viral infections by modulating host defense responses and by changing the interactions between pathogenic and beneficial bacteria. Animal studies and studies on small groups of human subjects suggest that LDCs might help to counteract colorectal cancer, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The action mechanisms of LDCs in the human body might be broader than originally thought, perhaps also including reactive oxygen species scavenging and signaling events.

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“…This further suggests an adhesin-specific anti-adhesive effect of GOS. However, GOS did not show an anti-adhesive and anti-growth effect against Listeria monocytogenes [ 141 ]. Until now, a specific interaction between GOS and a pathogenic adhesin has not been identified.…”

Section: Galacto-oligosaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Pathogenic Functions of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides In Vitro

et al. 2020

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Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), complex carbohydrates that resist hydrolysis by salivary and intestinal digestive enzymes, fulfill a diversity of important biological roles. A lot of NDOs are known for their prebiotic properties by stimulating beneficial bacteria in the intestinal microbiota. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent the first prebiotics that humans encounter in life. Inspired by these HMO structures, chemically-produced NDO structures (e.g., galacto-oligosaccharides and chito-oligosaccharides) have been recognized as valuable food additives and exert promising health effects. Besides their apparent ability to stimulate beneficial microbial species, oligosaccharides have shown to be important inhibitors of the development of pathogenic infections. Depending on the type and structural characteristics, oligosaccharides can exert a number of anti-pathogenic effects. The most described effect is their ability to act as a decoy receptor, thereby inhibiting adhesion of pathogens. Other ways of pathogenic inhibition, such as interference with pathogenic cell membrane and biofilm integrity and DNA transcription, are less investigated, but could be equally impactful. In this review, a comprehensive overview of In vitro anti-pathogenic properties of different NDOs and associated pathways are discussed. A framework is created categorizing all anti-pathogenic effects and providing insight into structural necessities for an oligosaccharide to exert one of these effects.

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Xylo-oligosaccharides inhibit pathogen adhesion to enterocytes in vitro

Cited by 34 publications

References 22 publications

Oligosaccharides in goats’ milk-based infant formula and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties

Oligosaccharides in goats’ milk-based infant formula and their prebiotic and anti-infection properties

Prebiotics to Fight Diseases: Reality or Fiction?

Anti-Pathogenic Functions of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides In Vitro

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