Xylo-oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic materials: Chemical structure, health benefits and production by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis

Carvalho, Ana Flávia Azevedo; Neto, Pedro de Oliva; Silva, Douglas Fernandes da; Pastore, Gláucia Maria

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2012.11.021

Cited by 333 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…The culture medium for the isolation of xylanolytic microorganisms was prepared with (in mass %): sugarcane bagasse 1 …”

Section: Culture Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of XOS to food has excellent physiological eff ects on the organism, including improvement of bowel function, calcium absorption, prevention of dental caries, protection against cardiovascular disease and reduction of colon cancer risks due to the formation of smaller chain fatt y acids (8,9). In addition, they contribute to benefi cial eff ects related to skin and blood, immunological action, antioxidant activities, anti-infl ammatory and antiallergenic eff ects (1,10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High quality XOS can be produced enzymatically using xylanases from a variety of microorganisms including: Aspergillus, Thermoascus, Trichoderma, Streptomycetes, Phanerochaetes, Chytridiomycetes, Ruminoccocus, Penicillium, Fibrobacter, Clostridium, Pichia and Bacillus (1,(10)(11)(12)(13). However, the search for more effi cient xylanase-producing strains is necessary considering the production costs and low yields of production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse

Carvalho

Neto

Almeida

et al. 2015

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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Currently, lignocellulosic waste is a topic of global studies, given that fossil fuel reserves are diminishing, the new agricultural frontiers are limited and the demand for food and biofuels is increasing by the growing world population (1). For these reasons, technology must advance to improve the use of agricultural and agroindustrial residues to obtain food and biofuel.Xylans present in lignocellulosic materials have been studied for obtaining xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from waste materials such as corncobs, rice hulls, olive pits, barley straw (2), tobacco stalk, cott on stalk, sunfl ower stalk, wheat straw (3) and sugarcane bagasse (4-6). Sugarcane bagasse is inexpensive, renewable and abundant source of XOS especially in the countries that produce ethanol and sugar from sugarcane. However, more research is necessary to improve the use of this residue. SummarySugarcane bagasse is an important lignocellulosic material studied for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS). Some XOS are considered soluble dietary fi bre, with low caloric value and prebiotic eff ect, but they are expensive and not easily available. In a screening of 138 fungi, only nine were shortlisted, and just Aspergillus fumigatus M51 (35.6 U/mL) and A. fumigatus U2370 (28.5 U/mL) were selected as the most signifi cant producers of xylanases. These fungi had low β-xylosidase activity, which is desirable for the production of XOS. The xylanases from Trichoderma reesei CCT 2768, A. fumigatus M51 and A. fumigatus U2370 gave a signifi cantly higher XOS yield, 11.9, 14.7 and 7.9 % respectively, in a 3-hour reaction with hemicellulose from sugarcane bagasse. These enzymes are relatively thermostable at 40-50 °C and can be used in a wide range of pH values. Furthermore, these xylanases produced more prebiotic XOS (xylobiose and xylotriose) when compared with a commercial xylanase. The xylanases from A. fumigatus M51 reached a high level of XOS production (37.6 %) in 48-72 h using hemicellulose extracted from sugarcane bagasse. This yield represents 68.8 kg of prebiotic XOS per metric tonne of cane bagasse. In addition, in a biorefi nery, aft er hemicellulose extraction for XOS production, the residual cellulose could be used for the production of second-generation ethanol.

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“…The culture medium for the isolation of xylanolytic microorganisms was prepared with (in mass %): sugarcane bagasse 1 …”

Section: Culture Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse

Carvalho

Neto

Almeida

et al. 2015

Food Technol. Biotechnol.

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“…Many retaining ␤-xylosidases are capable of catalyzing the formation of a new glycosidic linkage, transferring a xylosyl residue from a donor to an alcohol group of a particular acceptor in a process called transxylosylation. This type of activity is especially interesting because this mechanism allows the synthesis of conventional as well as new xylooligosaccharides (XOs) of different degrees of polymerization (DP) with a potential outlet in prebiotics and interest for pharmacological applications (9). As an example, novel glycosidic-polyphenolic antioxidants with greater solubility and bioavailability can be synthesized in such reactions (10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel pH-Stable Glycoside Hydrolase Family 3 β-Xylosidase from Talaromyces amestolkiae: an Enzyme Displaying Regioselective Transxylosylation

Nieto-Domínguez

Eugenio

Barriuso

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This paper reports on a novel ␤-xylosidase from the hemicellulolytic fungus Talaromyces amestolkiae. The expression of this enzyme, called BxTW1, could be induced by beechwood xylan and was purified as a glycoprotein from culture supernatants. We characterized the gene encoding this enzyme as an intronless gene belonging to the glycoside hydrolase gene family 3 (GH3). BxTW1 exhibited transxylosylation activity in a regioselective way. This feature would allow the synthesis of oligosaccharides or other compounds not available from natural sources, such as alkyl glycosides displaying antimicrobial or surfactant properties. Regioselective transxylosylation, an uncommon combination, makes the synthesis reproducible, which is desirable for its potential industrial application. BxTW1 showed high pH stability and Cu 2؉ tolerance. The enzyme displayed a pI of 7.6, a molecular mass around 200 kDa in its active dimeric form, and K m and V max values of 0.17 mM and 52.0 U/mg, respectively, using commercial p-nitrophenyl-␤-D-xylopyranoside as the substrate. The catalytic efficiencies for the hydrolysis of xylooligosaccharides were remarkably high, making it suitable for different applications in food and bioenergy industries. P lant biomass represents the most abundant renewable energy resource available on earth. It is composed mainly of cellulose and hemicellulose, two polysaccharides that constitute the raw material for the so-called second-generation (2G) bioethanol industry. The production of this biofuel has received special attention in recent years because it is based on the use of nonfood sources of cellulosic biomass (1). It has been pointed out that energy crops should be restricted to metal-contaminated soils in order to avoid cultivation competition against the food industry (2, 3).In order to make the production of this biofuel economically viable, many modifications have been introduced into the industrial process in recent years. Among them, the strategy of combining enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose with ethanol fermentation in a single process known as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is a significant step forward, but reduced production costs and improved yields are still necessary (1). Most studies have been using agricultural wastes as raw materials, usually after a physicochemical pretreatment to disrupt the lignocellulose structure to enhance cellulose and hemicellulose accessibility. Nevertheless, the industrial procedure currently used to produce 2G ethanol consists of fermenting glucose, which is enzymatically released from cellulose by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a biocatalyst (4). To increase process yields, hemicellulose hydrolysis and pentose fermentation are extremely relevant. Within this heterogeneous group of polysaccharides, xylans are most abundant in hardwoods and grass. They are composed of a backbone of ␤-1,4-linked D-xylopyranosyl units highly substituted with arabinofuranose, glucose, glucuronic or methyl-glucuronic acid, and acetyl side groups. The enz...

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“…XOs can be used as ingredients of functional foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals or agricultural products [2] Enzymatic method is more preferable to produce XOs compared to other methods, because it does not produce undesirable component or high amount of monomers and does not require special equipment [3]. Enzymatic production of xylooligosaccharides performed by xylanase having high endoxylanase and low β-xylosidase activity besides present of others side group enzyme removal include α-arabinofuranosidases, acetylxylan esterase, and α-glucuronidase [4]. Membrane separations, such as ultrafiltration and nanofiltration have been shown to be very promising methods for refining and concentrating several oligosaccharides [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM FROND BY Trichoderma longibrachiatum XYLANASE

Saleh

Shah

Khalil

et al. 2016

MJAS

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Oil palm fronds containing rich hemicellulose are low cost resources that could be potentially converted into valuable products such as xylooligosaccharides. The main objective of this study was to investigate the production of xylooligosaccharides from OPF hemicelluloses using Trichoderma longibrachiatum xylanase. The OPF hemicellulose extracted by alkaline extraction was hydrolysed by xylanase at pH 4.6, temperature 40 °C, hemicellulose substrate concentration 2 % (w/v) and enzyme concentration 2 U/ml for different period of time from 0 to 48 hours to produce xylooligosaccharides. The hydrolysate obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis was further purified through ultrafiltration using 10 kDa molecular weight cut off membranes. The highest total of xylobiose and xylotriose was found to be 21.91 mg/mL and obtained at 8 hours of hydrolysis time. After ultrafiltration step, xylooligosaccharides mixture were obtained in the permeate and retentate. The highest xylobiose (56.64g/100g) and xylotriose (45.80g/100g) were found in retentate and permeate, respectively.

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Xylo-oligosaccharides from lignocellulosic materials: Chemical structure, health benefits and production by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis

Cited by 333 publications

References 100 publications

Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse

Screening of Xylanolytic Aspergillus fumigatus for Prebiotic Xylooligosaccharide Production Using Bagasse

Novel pH-Stable Glycoside Hydrolase Family 3 β-Xylosidase from Talaromyces amestolkiae: an Enzyme Displaying Regioselective Transxylosylation

XYLOOLIGOSACCHARIDES PRODUCTION FROM OIL PALM FROND BY Trichoderma longibrachiatum XYLANASE

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