Xylitol and caries prevention — is it a magic bullet?

Maguire, Anne; Rugg-Gunn, A. J.

doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4810022

Cited by 110 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Currently, xylitol is widely used in chewing gums, toothpaste, foods, and medicines. In the UK, approximately 1000 tons of xylitol are consumed per year [10,16] . Xylitol is non-fermentable, so it does not encourage bacterial growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, however, there have been no studies regarding the safety of xylitol for the prevention of AOM. In addition, although xylitol is a natural sugar and has been approved for use in foods, its precise mechanism of action in the prevention of AOM is not known [10] . An inhaled form of xylitol has recently been administered to young children who cannot chew, allowing direct exposure to xylitol [11,12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects and Safety of Xylitol on Middle Ear Epithelial Cells

Lee¹,

Park²

2014

Int Adv Otol

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OBJECTIVE:Xylitol is a natural sugar known to reduce dental decay. Recently, several epidemiology studies have also shown that xylitol can prevent acute otitis media in children. It is assumed that these effects are related to the inhibition of bacterial growth in the nasopharynx. However, the effects and safety of xylitol in middle ear epithelial cells, which play a key role in otitis media, have not been investigated. The present study was performed to investigate whether xylitol shows antiinflammatory or antioxidative effects on human middle ear epithelial cells and to assess its safety profile for clinical use. MATERIALS and METHODS:We induced inflammation in human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEEC) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). After xylitol treatment, we measured expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and COX-2 and the mucin gene MUC5AC using semiquantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Cell viability and morphological changes following xylitol treatment were investigated by 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MMT) assay, flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33342 staining in human middle ear epithelial cells and mouse inner ear cells. RESULTS:Inflammatory cytokines and mucin gene expression were unaffected by xylitol. In addition, xylitol showed neither antioxidative effects nor cytotoxicity and did not stimulate apoptosis or necrosis of human middle ear epithelial cells or inner ear cells, even at high doses. CONCLUSION:Xylitol did not show antiinflammatory or antioxidative effects on HMMEC. It showed no toxicity in middle ear and inner ear cells. Xylitol may therefore be used safely to prevent acute otitis media.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects and Safety of Xylitol on Middle Ear Epithelial Cells

Lee¹,

Park²

2014

Int Adv Otol

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“…Some people find it to have an unpleasant aftertaste, but generally less so than saccharin or acesulfame potassium. 16 …”

Section: Non-nutritive /Non-calorigenic Sugar Substitutes Iia Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some experiments on rodents have shown cyclamate to cause testicular atrophy and affect seminal vesicle functions thus causing a negative impact on male reproduction. 16 II.B SACCHARIN Saccharin has been widely used as a sweetener for almost a century. It is an aromatic organic compound, osulfobenzimide (C 7 H 5 NO 3 S).…”

Section: Side Effects Of Cyclamatementioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar substitutes and health

Yadav¹,

Kaur²,

Srivastava³

et al. 2014

IOSRJDMS

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“…It is commonly used as a sugar substitute for diabetic patients because it is low in calories and its metabolism is not regulated by insulin. It was suggested as a therapeutic agent for glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency [11][12][13][15][16][17][18]. Xylitol is also known to improve health and biomechanical properties of the bone [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Statistical Approach to Optimize Xylitol Production by <i>Debaryomyces nepalensis</i> NCYC 3413 <i>in Vitro</i>

Kumdam¹,

Murthy²,

Gummadi³

2012

FNS

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Debaryomyces nepalensis NCYC 3413, halotolerant yeast isolated from rotten apple, was capable of utilizing components of hemicellulose hydrolysate such as glucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and arabinose. The organism utilizes xylose as a sole carbon source and produces xylitol. The Plackett-Burman design was applied to determine the specific medium components affecting xylitol production and found that xylose, K 2 HPO 4 , and ZnSO 4 were critical in augmenting xylitol production. These significant parameters were further optimized using response surface methodology. The optimum concentrations of xylose, K 2 HPO 4 , and ZnSO 4 were found to be 100 g/l, 10.6 g/l and 8.9 mg/l respectively. Under these optimal conditions the xylitol production increased from 27 g/l to 36 g/l with a yield of 0.44 g/g (57% increase in total yield). In addition, formation of the by product (glycerol) was decreased under optimal conditions.

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Xylitol and caries prevention — is it a magic bullet?

Cited by 110 publications

References 73 publications

Effects and Safety of Xylitol on Middle Ear Epithelial Cells

Effects and Safety of Xylitol on Middle Ear Epithelial Cells

Sugar substitutes and health

A Statistical Approach to Optimize Xylitol Production by <i>Debaryomyces nepalensis</i> NCYC 3413 <i>in Vitro</i>

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Xylitol and caries prevention — is it a magic bullet?

Cited by 110 publications

References 73 publications

Effects and Safety of Xylitol on Middle Ear Epithelial Cells

Effects and Safety of Xylitol on Middle Ear Epithelial Cells

Sugar substitutes and health

A Statistical Approach to Optimize Xylitol Production by &lt;i&gt;Debaryomyces nepalensis&lt;/i&gt; NCYC 3413 &lt;i&gt;in Vitro&lt;/i&gt;

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A Statistical Approach to Optimize Xylitol Production by <i>Debaryomyces nepalensis</i> NCYC 3413 <i>in Vitro</i>