2018
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0017
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Abstract: IntroductionXylazine, a type of α2-adrenoceptors, is a commonly used drug in veterinary medicine. Xylazine-induced changes in the content of amino acid neurotransmitters – glycine (Gly) and aspartic acid (Asp), in different brain regions and neurons were studied.Material and MethodsWistar rats were administered 50 mg/kg or 70 mg/kg of xylazine by intraperitoneal injection. In addition, in vitro experiments were conducted, in which neurons were treated with 15 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 35μg/mL, and 45 μg/mL of xylazine.… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Animals were killed by decapitation according to the schemes from Supplementary Figure S1 , as usage of anesthetics was incompatible with our study of the brain biochemical changes. A long-standing research has established multiple interferences of different anesthetics with metabolic and signaling pathways [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. In view of strong interactions of anesthetics with the mitochondrial function [ 56 , 58 , 59 ], neurotransmitter levels [ 58 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ] and action of neuroprotectants [ 61 , 64 ], all studied in our work, euthanasia by decapitation was chosen as the most suitable method for our studies on adult animals, in accordance with existing recommendations [ 63 , 64 , 65 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Animals were killed by decapitation according to the schemes from Supplementary Figure S1 , as usage of anesthetics was incompatible with our study of the brain biochemical changes. A long-standing research has established multiple interferences of different anesthetics with metabolic and signaling pathways [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. In view of strong interactions of anesthetics with the mitochondrial function [ 56 , 58 , 59 ], neurotransmitter levels [ 58 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ] and action of neuroprotectants [ 61 , 64 ], all studied in our work, euthanasia by decapitation was chosen as the most suitable method for our studies on adult animals, in accordance with existing recommendations [ 63 , 64 , 65 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A long-standing research has established multiple interferences of different anesthetics with metabolic and signaling pathways [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 ]. In view of strong interactions of anesthetics with the mitochondrial function [ 56 , 58 , 59 ], neurotransmitter levels [ 58 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ] and action of neuroprotectants [ 61 , 64 ], all studied in our work, euthanasia by decapitation was chosen as the most suitable method for our studies on adult animals, in accordance with existing recommendations [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. Given that the other animals are not in the decapitation room, cutting off the head using guillotine (OpenScience, Moscow, Russia) is considered one of the least stressful method to kill the animals [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Twenty-four hours after the substance administration, the rats were subjected to physiological tests and killed by decapitation as described before [82,89]. Taking into account that anaesthetics influence mitochondrial and brain function [88,[93][94][95][96][97][98], rats were killed by decapitation with a guillotine (OpenScience, Moscow, Russia) without anaesthetics. Such a method is in line with the latest recommendations and guidelines [88,97,99].…”
Section: Animal Experimentsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For the first time in our study, the concentration of glycine and glutamate in plasma was measured after 60 and 90 minutes of xylazine injection. In our study, conducted during anesthesia with xylazine, we noticed an increase in glycine concentration in the plasma and a decrease in the concentration of glutamate after 90 minutes of injection, and the concentrations changed irregularly (29).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 49%
“…The high glycine concentrations in the plasma may be due to the role of xylazine in promoting the synthesis and release of glycine, which reduces the excitability of neurons and thus leads to anesthesia (29). The decrease in the concentration of glutamate is due to the effect of xylazine in inhibiting the synthesis of glutamate, which reduces the excitatory neurotransmitter and ultimately reduces the stimulation of neurons and the production of an anesthetic effect (30).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%