XPS study of vanadium–yttrium hydrates

Electrical, optical and microstructural properties of transparent conducting GZO thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering

“…The peak centered at 284.60 eV corresponds to C 1s, suggesting that carbon is the only major contaminant. The presence of carbon in the GZO films can be attributed to contamination which resulted from the samples being exposed to ambient atmosphere and/or the oil diffusion pump in the sputtering process [36][37][38]. The narrow-scan XPS spectra of Ga 3d, Zn 2p, O 1s and C 1s for the sample grown at 670 K are depicted in Fig.…”

XPS Study of Sol-Gel Synthesized Vanadium-Titanium-Hydroquinone Oxide Bronze Films

“…The values of BE are typical of titanium dioxide [21,22]. Similar stable states of Ti 4+ ions were observed in vanadium-titanium hydrates [23,24]. The fitting parameters of titanium spectra are listed in Table 1.…”

“…2b and Table 2). The BE of the V 2p 3/2 peak is about 517 eV, which corresponds to V 5+ ions [22,[25][26][27]. The O 1s peak consists of two components with a BE of ~ 530 eV and ~ 531 eV (Fig.…”

“…The V 2p 3/2 peak of the V 1.67 Ti 0.33 O 5±δ •nH 2 O/HQ xerogel spectrum (Fig. 2a) consists of two components with a BE of ~ 517 eV and ~ 516 eV (see Table 2), which correspond to V 5+ and V 4+ ions respectively [22,[25][26][27]. The O 1s peak of the same xerogel consists of three components with a BE of ~ 530 eV, ~ 531 eV and ~ 533 eV, which correspond to O 2-ions connected with vanadium and titanium ions, hydroxyl groups (OH) -and oxygen in water molecules, respectively [22,[28][29][30].…”

Dispersion of Organic Dyes in n-Hexadecylamine-Intercalated Vanadium Xerogel Thin Films

“…In the V 3=2 2p region, a relatively broad peak around 517 eV, consisting of two peaks at 517.2 eV and 516.2 eV, was observed for the pristine VXG. These peaks can be attributed to V 5 þ and V 4 þ ions, respectively [17,[33][34][35][36]. The ratio of the two peaks indicated that nearly 90% of the vanadium atoms of VXG were in the þ5 state.…”