XPS studies of active elements surface of gas sensors based on WO3−x nanoparticles

Mechanically exfoliated ultra-thin WO3 nanostructures: study of their enhanced electrical properties

“…The results obtained are in good correlation with the previously published data for orthorhombic β-WO 3 [3,32,33]. Typically, the orthorhombic phase of WO 3 is stable in the temperature range of 330-740°C [34,35]. No impurities in the developed thin films were detected.…”

Performance impact and poisoning mechanism of arsenic over commercial V2O5–WO3/TiO2 SCR catalyst

“…4 (e). The peak for the fresh catalyst located at 37.8 eV correspond to W 6+ 2p 5/2 , and the binding energies at 35.3 eV and 37.2 eV were attributed to W 6+ 2p 7/2 and Ti3p respectively for As3000h sample [27,32,33]. This meant that tungsten oxide still existed as hexavalent state in form of WO 3 after arsenic adsorption over V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 catalyst.…”

Temperature-dependent growth mode of W-doped ZnO nanostructures

“…3c. The peak centered at 35.3 eV and 35.7 eV correspond to W 4f7/2-levels of tungsten atoms for W 6+ -oxidation states [21] and hydroxide for W 4f7/2 = 36.4-36.9 eV [21,22]. This component on the higher binding energy side of the W 4f7/2 spectrum could be related to the formation of intermediate "WO x " oxides that lead to the orientation of the nanorods which resulted in WO 3 ·(OH 2 ) n -phase formed after contact with air.…”