Xanthan Gum and Its Derivatives as a Potential Bio-polymeric Carrier for Drug Delivery System

Badwaik, Hemant; Giri, Tapan Kumar; Nakhate, Kartik T.; Kashyap, Pranita; Tripathi, Dulal Krishna

doi:10.2174/1567201811310050010

Cited by 69 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Alternatively xanthan gum can be modified by conventional chemical methods like carboxymethylation, and grafting such as free radical, microwave‐assisted, chemoenzymatic and plasma assisted chemical grafting . Table comprises examples of xanthan based systems used for the release of drugs, proteins or biosolutes. Each system has its intrinsic remarks because the interactions between polymeric matrix and released substance are controlled by medium ionic strength and pH, particularly in the case of xanthan, because changes in xanthan molecular conformation are also medium dependent.…”

Section: Xanthan Application For the Delivery Of Drugs Proteins Or Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthan gum: A versatile biopolymer for biomedical and technological applications

Petri

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

334

189

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Xanthan gum is an extracellular polymer produced mainly by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. Traditionally it plays an important role in industrial applications as thickener, emulsion stabilizer and it has been added to water-based drilling fluids due to its pseudoplastic behavior and thermal stability. The structural properties of xanthan in solution can be tuned by the temperature and ionic strength; under high ionic strength or low temperature, xanthan chains are arranged in helical conformation, whereas under low ionic strength or high temperature, xanthan chains are coiled. Xanthan high molecular weight favors the building up of physical and chemical networks, which have been used as carriers for drugs and proteins and as scaffolds for cells. In combination with other polymers xanthan has been applied as excipient in tablets or as supporting hydrogels for drug release applications, particularly due to its acid resistance. The large versatility of xanthan gum opens the possibility for the creation of new architectures and additional applications involving this fascinating polymer. AIMSThe purpose of this review is to report on the applications of xanthan gum in biomedical and technological products over the last ten years, but revisiting the background and the highlights of traditional applications as thickener. The in vivo biodegradability and biocompatibility of xanthan gum are fundamental characteristics that allow its use in biomedical applications. The ability to form networks and acid resistance make xanthan gum, as pure excipient or in combination with other polymers, very attractive as drug carriers. The recent combinations with inorganic particles open a range of new applications.

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Section: Xanthan Application For the Delivery Of Drugs Proteins Or Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xanthan gum: A versatile biopolymer for biomedical and technological applications

Petri

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

334

189

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“…microwave-initiated synthesis and microwave-assisted synthesis. 5 Carrageenan is a natural polysaccharide obtained from edible red seaweeds. 6 It is traditionally identified by a Greek prefix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of graft copolymer of kappa-carrageenan using microwave energy and studies of swelling capacity, flocculation properties, and preliminary acute toxicity

Giri¹,

Pradhan²,

Tripathi³

2016

Turk J Chem

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Grafting of acrylamide (AAm) onto kappa-carrageenan (KC) was carried out using microwave irradiation in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The effect of reaction variables including the concentration of APS, AAm, and KC; time duration; and microwave power was studied. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out to characterize the graft copolymer. The graft copolymer possesses slightly sensitive activities to external pH and shows reversible on-off switching swelling characteristics. Flocculation efficacy of the graft copolymer was studied in coal fine suspension toward potential application as a flocculent. The acute oral toxicity study of the graft copolymer was evaluated as per OECD guidelines. Mice administered the graft copolymer did not show anomalous behavior during the 14-day study. No mortality was observed during the 14 days following treatment with the graft copolymer.

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“…8 Both polymers belong to natural polysaccharides, which are biocompatible and biodegradable and widely employed for fabrication of microcapsules. 9,10 Additionally, polysaccharides can stabilize MC shell within a broad pH range.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonically Assisted Polysaccharide Microcontainers for Delivery of Lipophilic Antitumor Drugs: Preparation and in Vitro Evaluation

Akasov

Bоrodinа

Zaytseva

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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High toxicity, poor selectivity, and severe side effects are major drawbacks of anticancer drugs. Various drug delivery systems could be proposed to overcome these limitations. The aim of this study was to fabricate polysaccharide microcontainers (MCs) loaded with thymoquinone (TQ) by a one-step ultrasonication technique and to study their cellular uptake and cytotoxicity in vitro. Two MC fractions with a mean size of 500 nm (MC-0.5) and 2 μM (MC-2) were prepared and characterized. Uptake of the MCs by mouse melanoma M-3 cells was evaluated in both 2D (monolayer culture) and 3D (multicellular tumor spheroids) models by confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and fluorimetry. The higher cytotoxicity of the TQ-MC-0.5 sample than the TQ-MC-2 fraction was in good correlation with higher MC-0.5 accumulation in the cells. The MC-0.5 beads were more promising than the MC-2 particles because of a higher cellular uptake in both 2D and 3D models, an enhanced antitumor effect, and a lower nonspecific toxicity.

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Xanthan Gum and Its Derivatives as a Potential Bio-polymeric Carrier for Drug Delivery System

Cited by 69 publications

References 67 publications

Xanthan gum: A versatile biopolymer for biomedical and technological applications

Xanthan gum: A versatile biopolymer for biomedical and technological applications

Synthesis of graft copolymer of kappa-carrageenan using microwave energy and studies of swelling capacity, flocculation properties, and preliminary acute toxicity

Ultrasonically Assisted Polysaccharide Microcontainers for Delivery of Lipophilic Antitumor Drugs: Preparation and in Vitro Evaluation

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