X-ray standing wave study of iodine on Ge(111)

Bedzyk, M. J.; Shen, Qun; Keeffe, M.; Navrotski, Gary; Berman, L. E.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(89)90243-4

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In this picture the adsorption site would be the so-called Tl topsite directly above the substrate atom. This has indeed been verified experimentally for the Ge(111)-I system by Surface extended X-ray absorption fine structure (SEXAFS) [1] and X-ray standing wave (XSW) [2].…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

Formation of an iodine zig-zag chain c(2 × 4) reconstruction on the Ge(111) surface

Göthelid

Björkqvist

Karlsson

et al. 1994

Microsc. Microanal. Microstruct.

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Abstract. 2014 Room temperature adsorption of I2 on the Ge(111) surface is found to break the initial c(2 x 8) adatom reconstruction as iodine preferentially occupies the on top substrate site, breaks the backbonds between the adatom and the substrate and thus removes the Ge adatoms. As this process continues a c(2 x 4), and modifications thereof, reconstruction is formed consisting of chains of I2 molecules bound in almost T1 sites with a I-I bond length of 3.6 A.

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supporting

confidence: 53%

Formation of an iodine zig-zag chain c(2 × 4) reconstruction on the Ge(111) surface

Göthelid

Björkqvist

Karlsson

et al. 1994

Microsc. Microanal. Microstruct.

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“…Investigations of the later stages of solid-solid interface formation have been mentioned in section 5.1. On Ge(100) there have been investigations of the structure of adsorbed Sb [110] and Te [111], while on Ge (111) the adsorption of Br [112,113], Cu, Ga and In [114], I [115][116][117], Ni [118], Pb [119], Sb [120] and Sn [33] have been studied. On Si surfaces the number of such studies is especially large, due to the technological importance of understanding Si interfaces as well as the technical advantages of working on highly perfect crystals, typically using the same crystalline reflections in the x-ray monochromator.…”

Section: Adsorbed Layers On Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface structure determination using x-ray standing waves

Woodruff¹

2005

Rep. Prog. Phys.

189

237

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The technique of x-ray standing waves as a means of structure determination is reviewed with special emphasis on its application to the investigation of adsorbed atoms and molecules at well-characterized single crystal surfaces in ultra-high vacuum. Topics covered include: the physical principles of the method and the underlying theory; methods of detection of the x-ray absorption and their relative merits; the specific advantages of photoelectron detection together with a description of the modified method of data analysis and its underlying physical basis (required to account for non-dipolar angular effects in the photoemission process); some practical issues of data analysis and interpretation including recent developments in the use of structural 'imaging' by direct inversion of the measured structural parameters. A broad survey of applications is included covering atomic and molecular adsorbates on semiconductors and metals as well as the use of the technique to obtain site-specific electronic structure information. Some comments on likely future developments and applications are given.

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“…Chemically specific structural information is acquired by monitoring changes in XPS intensity as the standing-wave shifts from being out-of-phase with the diffraction planes to being in-phase. The resulting XPS modulation can be analyzed to find the substrate lattice location of various atomic species both above and below the crystal surface. , Such measurements have previously proven to be effective in determining the chemically precise structure of 2D material interfaces. ,, Here, we use XSW-enhanced XPS to extract ensemble-averaged vertical positions of the surface silver and the chemically distinct boron species for both R and D phase borophene.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving the Chemically Discrete Structure of Synthetic Borophene Polymorphs

et al. 2018

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Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials exhibit superlative properties dictated by their intralayer atomic structure, which is typically derived from a limited number of thermodynamically stable bulk layered crystals (e.g., graphene from graphite). The growth of entirely synthetic 2D crystals, those with no corresponding bulk allotrope, would circumvent this dependence upon bulk thermodynamics and substantially expand the phase space available for structure-property engineering of 2D materials. However, it remains unclear if synthetic 2D materials can exist as structurally and chemically distinct layers anchored by van der Waals (vdW) forces, as opposed to strongly bound adlayers. Here, we show that atomically thin sheets of boron (i.e., borophene) grown on the Ag(111) surface exhibit a vdW-like structure without a corresponding bulk allotrope. Using X-ray standing wave-excited X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the positions of boron in multiple chemical states are resolved with sub-angström spatial resolution, revealing that the borophene forms a single planar layer that is 2.4 Å above the unreconstructed Ag surface. Moreover, our results reveal that multiple borophene phases exhibit these characteristics, denoting a unique form of polymorphism consistent with recent predictions. This observation of synthetic borophene as chemically discrete from the growth substrate suggests that it is possible to engineer a much wider variety of 2D materials than those accessible through bulk layered crystal structures.

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X-ray standing wave study of iodine on Ge(111)

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Formation of an iodine zig-zag chain c(2 × 4) reconstruction on the Ge(111) surface

Formation of an iodine zig-zag chain c(2 × 4) reconstruction on the Ge(111) surface

Surface structure determination using x-ray standing waves

Resolving the Chemically Discrete Structure of Synthetic Borophene Polymorphs

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