Arch Gen Psychiatry
 1974
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760170059010
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X Linkage Revisited

Ugo Goetzl1
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Cited by 67 publications

(9 citation statements)
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“…Our data relating to the estimates of affected first-degree relatives of bipolar index cases indicate that a higher incidence of psychiatric, and in particular affective, disturbance appears in female relatives of bipolar probands. These findings are in accordance with some previous studies (5,8,11,12,(14)(15)(16)23), but not with others (1, 2). The risk for psychiatric illness in the first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar illness is above 50 %, in each type of relative (i.e., parents, sibs, children).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…Our data relating to the estimates of affected first-degree relatives of bipolar index cases indicate that a higher incidence of psychiatric, and in particular affective, disturbance appears in female relatives of bipolar probands. These findings are in accordance with some previous studies (5,8,11,12,(14)(15)(16)23), but not with others (1, 2). The risk for psychiatric illness in the first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar illness is above 50 %, in each type of relative (i.e., parents, sibs, children).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…For affective disorders in general, females have been found to outnumber males (Weissman & Klerman, 1977) both in familial investigations (Cadoret, Winokur, & Clayton, 1970;Ferris, 1966; and in population studies (Helgason, 1964). Moreover, Winokur and his colleagues have reported a female-male ratio of approxi-mately 2:1 for bipolar I groups, whereas Ferris (1966Ferris ( ,1968Ferris ( ,1973 and others (Goetzl, Green, Whybrow, & Jackson, 1974) have found parity for bipolar I sex ratios. In contrast, Ferris (1973) reported a 2:1 femalemale sex ratio for unipolar disorders.…”
Section: Familial Investigationsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Support for these corollaries of the Xlinkage hypothesis in bipolar I disorders has generally been found (Cadoret & Winokur, 197S;Cadoret et al, 1970;Helzer & Winokur, 1974;Mendlewicz & Rainer, 1974;, although controversy exists (Goetzl et al, 1974;James & Chapman, 197S;Loranger, 1975;Ferris, 1973). In addition to the previously cited discrepancy in sex ratio incidence rates, for which Ferris found parity between male and female bipolar patients in contrast with the general trend for a greater incidence in females, the major point of contention has been the reported discoveries of father-son transmission of bipolar disorders.…”
Section: Mode Of Transmission: Dominant X-linkedmentioning
confidence: 97%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…More damaging to the sex-linkage hypothesis is the frequent occurrence of father to son trans mission in certain studies (Angst, 1966;Perris. 1966;Goetzl et al, 1974;Von Grieff et al, 1975;James and Chapman, 1975). While the sex-linkage hypothesis can accommodate an occasional case of father-son transmission, due to incomplete penetrance in mothers (Crowe and Smouse, 1977) and assortative mating (Dünner ei al, 1976), the frequency of such transmission in these studies is simply too high for sex-linkage to be an attractive hypothesis in all cases.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 92%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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