Wuxi tone sandhi from last to first syllable dominance

Chan, Marjorie K. M.; Ren, Hongmo

doi:10.1080/03740463.1988.10416058

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Based on this observation, Chan & Ren (1989) argued that Wuxi reflected a historical shift from last syllable dominance to first syllable dominance, and the historical scenario was as follows: at an earlier stage, σ2 carried stress and preserved its tone while σ1 lost its base tone and received a sandhi tone. Stress then shifted to σ1 and the sandhi tone was subsequently spread to the sandhi domain, which resulted in the substitution pattern in present day Wuxi.…”

Section: Substitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A different pattern that is also attested in left-dominant system is the so-called "pattern substitution" (Chan & Ren, 1989). Pattern substitution replaces the base tone of the first syllable with another tone and then spreads this tone rightward, as found in Tangxi (Kennedy, 1953) and Wuxi (Chan & Ren, 1989). In Wuxi, for example, when tone 34 is combined with any other tone, the tones of the disyllable become 55 + 31, a result of first substituting the base tone 34 with a falling tone 51 and then spreading the 51 to the disyllable, as shown in (2b).…”

Section: Variation In Tone Sandhimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, when the tone 24 is combined with any other tone, the tones of the disyllable become 22 + 44, a result of spreading the initial base tone 24. According to Yue-Hashimoto (1987) and Zhang (2007), the rightward spreading pattern, also known as "pattern extension" (Chan & Ren 1989), is typologically the most common pattern in left-dominant tone sandhi. A different pattern that is also attested in left-dominant system is the so-called "pattern substitution" (Chan & Ren, 1989).…”

Section: Variation In Tone Sandhimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Yue-Hashimoto (1987) and Zhang (2007), the rightward spreading pattern, also known as "pattern extension" (Chan & Ren 1989), is typologically the most common pattern in left-dominant tone sandhi. A different pattern that is also attested in left-dominant system is the so-called "pattern substitution" (Chan & Ren, 1989). Pattern substitution replaces the base tone of the first syllable with another tone and then spreads this tone rightward, as found in Tangxi (Kennedy, 1953) and Wuxi (Chan & Ren, 1989).…”

Section: Variation In Tone Sandhimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nature of Variation in Tone Sandhi Patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu

Yan¹

2018

Frontiers in Chinese Linguistics

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The primary goal of this dissertation is to understand the variation patterns in suprasegmental processes and what factors influence the patterns. To answer the questions, we investigated the variation patterns of tone sandhi in the Shanghai and Wuxi Wu dialects of Chinese.Shanghai disyllables and trisyllables have been documented to have two different sandhi patterns: tonal extension and tonal reduction. Some items can only undergo tonal extension, some items can only undergo tonal reduction, and some can variably undergo either type of sandhi. Previous works have indicated that the syntactic structure, semantic transparency, and lexical frequency of the items all play a role in the sandhi application.Additionally, the morpheme length of trisyllabic items (1+2, 2+1) is also expected to affect their sandhi application.A variant forms' goodness rating experiment, together with a lexical frequency rating experiment and a semantic transparency rating experiment, showed that syntactic structure has a primary effect on sandhi application in general. It overrides the effect of semantic transparency, especially in modifier-noun items. The nature of the lexical frequency effect in Shanghai is related to the syntactic structure of the lexical item. Morpheme length effect is not found.Wuxi disyllables and trisyllables also have been observed to have two different sandhi patterns: tonal substitution and no sandhi. Some items can only apply tonal substitution, and some can apply either form variably. Syntactic structure and semantic transparency have been iv reported to affect Wuxi sandhi application, and morpheme length is also expected to have an effect in trisyllabic sandhi application.The three rating experiments conducted in Wuxi found that due to the lexical listedness of the opaque substitution pattern, frequency influences both modifier-noun and verb-noun positively, although modifier-noun prefers tonal substitution form more. Semantic transparency effect is only apparent for verb-noun disyllables. Moreover, morpheme length also distinguishes sandhi application between 1+2 and 2+1 modifier-noun items.In all, by using quantitative rating experiments, the present study shows that tone sandhi variation is regulated by both grammatical factors, such as syntactic structure, morpheme length, phonological opacity, and nongrammatical factors, such as lexical frequency.v

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Section: Substitutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variation In Tone Sandhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variation In Tone Sandhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variation In Tone Sandhimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Nature of Variation in Tone Sandhi Patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu

Yan¹

2018

Frontiers in Chinese Linguistics

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“…] In contrast to the many, if underspeci fied, auditory descriptions, there is a dearth of instrumental studies on Wu tone sandhi. There are published acoustic data of a lim ited nature for only three Northern Wu sites; Shanghai [Zee and Maddieson, 1980], Suzhou [Liao, 1983] and Wuxi [Chan and Ren, 1986]. These sites show a (for Wu) rel atively simple tone sandhi, characteristic of a subset of Northern Wu varieties, with few citation forms and a small number of differ ent pitch shapes in polysyllabic lexical items.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustics and Phonology of Complex Tone Sandhi

Rose¹

1990

Phonetica

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This paper presents a detailed acoustic and auditory description of the kind of complex tone sandhi found in the Northern Wu dialects of Chinese. Mean fundamental frequency, amplitude and duration values from many tokens of 1 native speaker of Zhenhai dialect are used to show how the acoustical characteristics of the 6 citation tones can be related to the 20 different forms in disyllabic lexical sandhi. Three phonetically motivated processes are demonstrated in this relationship: stress effects; paradigmatic replacement of pitch and phonation type features on the second syllable, and intrinsic effects associated with the intervocalic consonant, and phonation rate and duration of the first syllable.

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References

2011

The Handbook of Phonological Theory

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Wuxi tone sandhi from last to first syllable dominance

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

The Nature of Variation in Tone Sandhi Patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu

The Nature of Variation in Tone Sandhi Patterns of Shanghai and Wuxi Wu

Acoustics and Phonology of Complex Tone Sandhi

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