Wounding and insect feeding trigger two independent MAPK pathways with distinct regulation and kinetics

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Wounding is caused by abiotic and biotic factors and triggers complex short- and long-term responses at the local and systemic level. These responses are under the control of complex signaling pathways, which are still poorly understood. Here, we show that the rapid activation of MKK4/5-MPK3/6 by wounding is independent of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and that, contrary to what happens in tobacco, this fast module does not control wound-triggered JA accumulation in Arabidopsis. We also demonstrate that a second MAPK module, constituted by MKK3 and the clade-C MAPKs MPK1/2/7, is activated by wounding in an independent manner. We provide evidence that the activation of this MKK3-MPK1/2/7 module occurs mainly through wound-induced JA production via the transcriptional regulation of upstream clade-III MAP3Ks and particularly MAP3K14. We show that <jats:italic>mkk3</jats:italic> mutant plants are more susceptible to the larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore <jats:italic>Spodoptera littoralis</jats:italic>, indicating that the MKK3-MPK1/2/7 module is involved in counteracting insect feeding.</jats:p><jats:sec><jats:title>One sentence summary</jats:title><jats:p>Wounding induces the parallel activation of a rapid signaling module (MKK4/5-MPK3/6) and a JA-dependent slow one (MAP3K14-MKK3-MPK1/2/7/14) to restrict insect feeding.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Integrative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses Revealed the Regulatory Mechanism of the Response to Ultraviolet B Stress in Clematis terniflora DC

“…40 MAPKs have four clades, among which MPK3 and MPK6 belong to clade A. 40 The plant MAPK cascade influences the expression of downstream genes by passing stress signals generated during in abiotic stress. 41,42 We mapped DPPs to the MAPK signaling pathway according to the KEGG database and found that MKK4/5 and MPK3/6 cascade proteins were increased in the UVB group according to phosphoproteomic data (Figure 8, Table S3).…”

“…39 When wounding does occur, plants respond to this damage by triggering the MAPK signaling pathway. 40 MAPKs have four clades, among which MPK3 and MPK6 belong to clade A. 40 The plant MAPK cascade influences the expression of downstream genes by passing stress signals generated during in abiotic stress.…”