Wormlike Micellar Aggregates of Saponins from Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (mate): A Characterisation by Cryo-TEM, Rheology, Light Scattering and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Self-Assembly of the Bio-Surfactant Aescin in Solution: A Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Fluorescence Study

“…This structure allows saponins, on the one hand, to interact with biological and artificial membranes [14][15][16] and on the other hand to self-assemble in solution [15,17]. The micelle formation of specific saponins was examined by different groups in terms of the critical micelle concentration (cmc) [4,18,19] and shape of the micelles [20][21][22][23][24]. It was found that many saponins tend to build spherical micelles.…”

“…In comparison, the spherical micelles formed by Quil A with a diameter of 60 Å are very small [20]. Besides spherical micelles, elongated structures were also found for different saponins [23,26]. For the saponin Quil A for example, the presence of low amounts of cholesterol induces the formation of worm-like structures [24].…”

LC‐UV Assay Method and UPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS Characterisation of Saponins from Ilex Paraguariensis A. St. Hil. (Mate) Unripe Fruits

“…Besides several biological activities previously studied (Schenkel et al , ), particular attention has been paid to mate saponins anti‐obesity and atherosclerosis reduction effects (Mosimann et al , ; Pang et al , ; Arçari et al , ; Silva et al , ), anti‐viral activity (Müller et al , ), as well as their ability to form rather intricate elongated micelles (Peixoto et al , ). However, the biological studies on mate have so far focused mainly on crude extracts and non‐purified products.…”

Dissipative particle dynamics study on self-assembled platycodin structures: The potential biocarriers for drug delivery

“…With the changes of the structure or the concentration of saponins, a rich variety of aggregates would appear, including spherical, ellipse and oblate micelles, vesicles, multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), multicompartment vesicles (MCMs), tubular and necklace-like micelle. To our knowledge, there is little research on the morphologies of saponin aggregates, and only spherical, wormlike micelles and spherical vesicles have been observed previously [8,40,41].…”