Worldwide adherence to Mediterranean Diet between 1960 and 2011

Vilarnau, Cristina; Stracker, Denine Marie; Funtikov, Anna; Silva, Rui da; Estruch, Ramón; Bach-Faig, Anna

doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0313-9

Cited by 132 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These countries (except NMK, no information available) were ranked from best to worst MAI as follows: GR > IT > SP > PT > BG > CY. They were also reported to have reduced their MAI scores in the last decades, indicating a shift away from the traditional MD pattern [ 34 ]. Further, the sample population from SP, which exhibited the highest adherence to the MD, reached an average MEDAS of 8.35 ± 1.65 and was very close to the value attained in the PREDIMED validation study (8.68 ± 1.90) [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region

et al. 2020

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This study provides comprehensive validation of the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (14-MEDAS) in an adult population from Greece (GR), Portugal (PT), Italy (IT), Spain (SP), Cyprus (CY), Republic of North Macedonia (NMK), and Bulgaria (BG). A moderate association between the 14-MEDAS and the reference food diary was estimated for the entire population (Pearson r = 0.573, p-value < 0.001; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.692, p-value < 0.001) with the strongest correlation found in GR, followed by PT, IT, SP, and CY. These results were supported by kappa statistics in GR, PT, IT, and SP with ≥50% of food items exhibiting a fair or better agreement. Bland–Altman analyses showed an overestimation of the 14-MEDAS score in the whole population (0.79 ± 1.81, 95%Confidence Interval (CI) 0.61, 0.96), but this value was variable across countries, with GR, NMK, and BG exhibiting the lowest bias. Taking all analyses together, the validation achieved slightly better results in the Mediterranean countries but a definitive validation ranking order was not evident. Considering growing evidence of the shift from Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence and of the importance of culture in making food choices it is crucial that we further improve validation protocols with specific applications to compare MD adherence across countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region

et al. 2020

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“…However, MedDiet is a settled cultural heritage of the Portuguese population, with ancestral influence from the Mediterranean neighbors (26). Several studies have shown that Mediterranean basin populations tended to abandon the traditional diet during the last decades (27,28)and the same occurred in Portugal (26). The major concern is the early abandonment of Med-Diet during childhood, adolescence and youth, leading to the replacement of traditional dietary habits with an increasing consumption of red meat, butter, animal fats, added sugars and salty foods (29)(30)(31)(32), which increased the risk of obesity and several health problems (33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No entanto, a DM é um património cultural adotado pela população portuguesa, com influência ancestral dos vizinhos do Mediterrâneo (25). Vários estudos mostraram que as populações do Mediterrâneo tenderam a abandonar a dieta tradicional nas últimas décadas (26,27) e o mesmo ocorreu em Portugal (25). A principal preocupação é o abandono precoce da DM durante a infância, adolescência e juventude, levando à substituição de hábitos alimentares tradicionais por um consumo crescente de carne vermelha, manteiga, gorduras animais, açúcares adicionados e alimentos salgados (28)(29)(30)(31), o que aumenta o risco de obesidade e vários problemas de saúde (32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Portuguese university students

Ferreira-Pêgo

Rodrigues

Costa

et al. 2019

BBR

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Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is one of the most recognized healthy dietary patterns. Despite the beneficial effects of healthy eating habits on academic performance, university students make unhealthy food choices. Crosssectional information regarding MedDiet adherence was collected in 305 students from the Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, from different academic courses, related or not with health sciences. To assess the MedDiet adherence, the participants completed a validated 14-point questionnaire. Approximately 29% of the total population presented poor (< 5 points) MedDiet adherence, meanwhile 59% presented an average (between 6 and 9 points) adherence and only 12.50% presented a high (> 10 points) MedDiet adherence. Nutrition students presented the highest MedDiet adherence of all the students analyzed. Pharmaceutical students, although being health professionals, showed poor adherence to the MedDiet, similar to students from courses not related to health sciences.

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“…Likewise, it has been suggested that there might be stronger selection pressure on the FADS1/FASD2 block in southern Europeans [95]. In Spain, the adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern [99] is still relatively high in older subjects, but is decreasing in young people [100,101]. Although some studies specifically carried out in the Spanish Mediterranean population, have analyzed the association between several FADS and ELOVL candidate gene polymorphisms and PUFA concentrations [102][103][104][105][106], no study has investigated such associations at the GWAS level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2020

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Many early studies presented beneficial effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on cardiovascular risk factors and disease. However, results from recent meta-analyses indicate that this effect would be very low or nil. One of the factors that may contribute to the inconsistency of the results is that, in most studies, genetic factors have not been taken into consideration. It is known that fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster in chromosome 11 is a very important determinant of plasma PUFA, and that the prevalence of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) varies greatly between populations and may constitute a bias in meta-analyses. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out in other populations and none of them have investigated sex and Mediterranean dietary pattern interactions at the genome-wide level. Our aims were to undertake a GWAS to discover the genes most associated with serum PUFA concentrations (omega-3, omega-6, and some fatty acids) in a scarcely studied Mediterranean population with metabolic syndrome, and to explore sex and adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) interactions at the genome-wide level. Serum PUFA were determined by NMR spectroscopy. We found strong robust associations between various SNPs in the FADS cluster and omega-3 concentrations (top-ranked in the adjusted model: FADS1-rs174547, p = 3.34 × 10−14; FADS1-rs174550, p = 5.35 × 10−14; FADS2-rs1535, p = 5.85 × 10−14; FADS1-rs174546, p = 6.72 × 10−14; FADS2-rs174546, p = 9.75 × 10−14; FADS2-rs174576, p = 1.17 × 10−13; FADS2-rs174577, p = 1.12 × 10−12, among others). We also detected a genome-wide significant association with other genes in chromosome 11: MYRF (myelin regulatory factor)-rs174535, p = 1.49 × 10−12; TMEM258 (transmembrane protein 258)-rs102275, p = 2.43 × 10−12; FEN1 (flap structure-specific endonuclease 1)-rs174538, p = 1.96 × 10−11). Similar genome-wide statistically significant results were found for docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA). However, no such associations were detected for omega-6 PUFAs or linoleic acid (LA). For total PUFA, we observed a consistent gene*sex interaction with the DNTTIP2 (deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal interacting protein 2)-rs3747965 p = 1.36 × 10−8. For adherence to MedDiet, we obtained a relevant interaction with the ME1 (malic enzyme 1) gene (a gene strongly regulated by fat) in determining serum omega-3. The top-ranked SNP for this interaction was ME1-rs3798890 (p = 2.15 × 10−7). In the regional-wide association study, specifically focused on the FADS1/FASD2/FADS3 and ELOVL (fatty acid elongase) 2/ELOVL 5 regions, we detected several statistically significant associations at p < 0.05. In conclusion, our results confirm a robust role of the FADS cluster on serum PUFA in this population, but the associations vary depending on the PUFA. Moreover, the detection of some sex and diet interactions underlines the need for these associations/interactions to be studied in all specific populations so as to better understand the complex metabolism of PUFA.

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Worldwide adherence to Mediterranean Diet between 1960 and 2011

Cited by 132 publications

References 42 publications

Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region

Exploring the Validity of the 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS): A Cross-National Study in Seven European Countries around the Mediterranean Region

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Portuguese university students

Genome-Wide Association Study for Serum Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Exploratory Analysis of the Sex-Specific Effects and Dietary Modulation in Mediterranean Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

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