Women's self‐management of chronic illnesses in the context of caregiving: a grounded theory study

Martínez-Marcos, Mercedes; Benjumea, Carmen de la Cuesta

doi:10.1111/jocn.12746

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Parents may sacrifice their well-being to meet their children's needs, especially mothers, who frequently assume the role of primary caregiver. 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Mental Health and Children's Behaviors and Media Usage during COVID-19-Related School Closures

et al. 2021

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is different from previous disasters in that it continues to the present and has affected all aspects of family life. During epidemics, psychosocial support is not less important than infection control. During COVID-19-related school closures, prolonged partial closures of schools could have detrimental social and health consequences for children and may increase the burden on the family. Based on a community sample in Korea, this study identified parental concerns, children's media usage, other various factors and examined whether parental stress level or depression were positively associated with problem behaviors, media exposure, and sleep problems of the primary school children during school closure under COVID-19. Methods Participants were 217 parents residing in Suwon, South Korea, who had primary school children and responded to a web-based questionnaire on parental concerns from school closure under COVID-19, subjective stress, depression, whether having received mental health services, and family characteristics; children's sleep patterns, problem behaviors, media usage during the online-only class period, and changes in activity level following the pandemic. Results During school closure, children gained body weight, spent less time in physical activities and more in media usage. Besides online learning content (97.2%), YouTube was highly used content (87.6%), and games followed (78.3%). Parental subjective stress index was highly associated with parental depression (Pearson correlation 0.439, P < 0.001), children's sleep problems (0.283, P < 0.001), tablet time (0.171, P = 0.012) and behavior problems (0.413, P < 0.001). Parental depression was associated with children's sleep problems (0.355, P < 0.001), TV time (0.153, P = 0.024), tablet time (0.159, P = 0.019), and behavior problems (0.524, P < 0.001). Parents who previously received mental services seemed to be more concerned about the problems their children already have getting worse because of COVID-19 than the disease itself. Children's sleep problem was associated with tablet (0.172, P = 0.011) and smartphone time (0.298, P < 0.001), but not its frequency. Conclusion During COVID-19-related school closures, many parents and children had various difficulties relating to mental health. Ongoing monitoring of mental health of high-risk groups and multiple support systems may need to be expanded to cover those parents having difficulty in caring for their children.

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“…Parents may sacrifice their well-being to meet their children's needs, especially mothers, who frequently assume the role of primary caregiver. 21 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental Mental Health and Children's Behaviors and Media Usage during COVID-19-Related School Closures

et al. 2021

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“…Family systems' theory and parenting research describes parents' role as complex [40,41], given the need to attend and respond the needs of multiple family subsystems (individual self-care, coordination of co-parenting demands, and parenting needs). High levels of psychological distress and caregiver burden may complicate the resulting balance between parallel care responsibilities and create the potential for parents to sacrifice their own well-being to meet caregiving needs of their children, most often noted among mothers who frequently assume the primary caregiving role [42,43]. Parents' mental health symptoms may make this balance harder in two ways: (1) high levels of distress may interfere with parents' perceptions of their children's stress-and therefore impact responsive parenting-as seen in depressed and anxious mothers' overreporting of their children's psychiatric symptoms [44], and in withdrawn or unavailable patterns of parent-child interaction [36,45,46].…”

Section: Parenting Response To Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent–Child Relationship

Russell

Hutchison

Tambling

et al. 2020

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

601

585

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Research confirms that the mental health burdens following community-wide disasters are extensive, with pervasive impacts noted in individuals and families. It is clear that child disaster outcomes are worst among children of highly distressed caregivers, or those caregivers who experience their own negative mental health outcomes from the disaster. The current study used path analysis to examine concurrent patterns of parents' (n = 420) experience from a national sample during the early months of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic. The results of a multi-group path analysis, organized by parent gender, indicate good fit to the data [X 2 (10) = 159.04, p < .01]. Results indicate significant linkages between parents' caregiver burden, mental health, and perceptions of children's stress; these in turn are significantly linked to child-parent closeness and conflict, indicating possible spillover effects for depressed parents and compensatory effects for anxious parents. The impact of millions of families sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic for an undefined period of time may lead to unprecedented impacts on individuals' mental health with unknown impacts on child-parent relationships. These impacts may be heightened for families whose caregivers experience increased mental health symptoms, as was the case for fathers in the current sample.

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“…The complexity of parents' roles is well described by Family Systems' theory and parenting research, which illustrate parents' need to attend and respond to the care of multiple family subsystems (e.g., individual selfcare, coordination of co-parenting demands, and parenting needs); [37][38][39]. High levels of psychological distress and caregiver burden during a disaster may complicate the tension between these parallel needs for care [40,41]. Further, parents' mental health symptoms may interfere with parents' perceptions of their children's stress, as seen in depressed and anxious mothers' overreporting of their children's psychiatric symptoms [42], and in withdrawn or unavailable patterns of parent-child interaction [43][44][45].…”

Section: Parent Mental Health and Caregiving During A Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Role of Parent Resilience on Mental Health and the Parent–Child Relationship During COVID-19

Russell

Tomkunas

Hutchison

et al. 2021

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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The COVID-19 pandemic is linked to particularly potent psychological effects for children and their caregivers while families adjust to new daily routines for work, education, and self-care. Longitudinal associations are presented from a national sample of 271 parents (mean age = 35.29 years, 48.5% female) on resilience, mental health and stress indicators, and parenting outcomes. Multigroup path model results indicate significant associations between resilience and parent stress or parent perceived child stress initiates a sequence of significant linkages to parent depression, followed by caregiver burden and parent-child relationship quality. This final set of linkages between depression and both parenting outcomes were significantly stronger for men, who also reported higher rates of perceived child stress. Results suggest that fathers' depression symptoms and associated spill-over to perceived child stress is producing stronger effects on their parenting experiences than effects reported by mothers.

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Women's self‐management of chronic illnesses in the context of caregiving: a grounded theory study

Abstract: Identifying self-management strategies of women caregivers allow health professionals to acknowledge and reinforce effective self-care measures and to deter those that are ineffective and lessen their quality of life.

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Parental Mental Health and Children's Behaviors and Media Usage during COVID-19-Related School Closures

Parental Mental Health and Children's Behaviors and Media Usage during COVID-19-Related School Closures

Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent–Child Relationship

The Protective Role of Parent Resilience on Mental Health and the Parent–Child Relationship During COVID-19

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