Women's Attitude and Beliefs about Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test by using the Health Belief Model

Abstract

Background: Determination of women's attitudes and beliefs about cervical cancer and pap smear test are so important to overcome barriers and provide screening behavior. The aim of this study was to determine women's attitude and beliefs about cervical cancer and pap smear test according to Health Belief Model. Methods:The study was conducted with a sample of 611 women who applied to the hospital, which is located in Turkey. Characteristics of women questionnaire and Health Belief Model Scale for Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear Test are used for the study.Results: In the study, 31.3% of women had pap smear test and women who had higher socioeconomic status, who had children, had gynecological examination regularly and who were at an advanced age were most likely to have pap smear test. Women with low socio-economic status (education, employment and income status) had low score from health motivation and high score from perceived barriers. Women who had regular gynecological examination had the pap smear test, heard and had information about the test were found to have the higher score for benefits of pap smear tests and health motivation and lower score from perceived barriers subscale. The most important barrier for having pap smear test was found as male doctor (53.9%). Susceptibility score was lower in employed, younger women and women who heard pap smear test. Barriers score was high in younger women, women with three or more children and women who had stillbirth. Conclusion:Negative beliefs and attitudes about cervical cancer and lower socioeconomic status affect the rate of having pap smear test.

The effect of web‐based education on Pap smear behaviours of teachers

“…In this study, the distress of gynaecologic examination, having no symptoms and having no time were the main reasons for not having a PST by teachers. Consistently with those of published studies, the reasons for not having a PST were as follows: embarrassment (Aldohaian, Alshammari, & Arafah, 2019;Salem et al, 2017;Shankar et al, 2018;Toye et al, 2017;Yanikkerem, Selçuk, & Esmeray, 2018), fear of pathology (Abdullah et al, 2011;Salem et al, 2017;Yanikkerem et al, 2018), not having time (Aldohaian et al, 2019;Elamurugan et al, 2016;Gümüş & Çam, 2011;Salem et al, 2017;Shankar et al, 2018), not knowing where it was done (Aldohaian et al, 2019;Ubajaka et al, 2015;Yanikkerem et al, 2018), the fear that the procedure would be painful (Aldohaian et al, 2019;Salem et al, 2017;Thapa, 2018;Yanikkerem et al, 2018), having any symptoms of the disease (Elamurugan et al, 2016;Salem et al, 2017) and thinking that they do not have the risk of developing CC (Salem et al, 2017;Ubajaka et al, 2015).…”

Analisis Pemanfaatan Program Deteksi Dini Kanker Serviks dengan IVA oleh Peserta JKN-KIS

“…Sejalan dengan penelitian sebelumnya, Yanikkerem menyatakan bahwa sikap dan kesadaran terhadap program deteksi dini kanker serviks merupakan jembatan yang mengubah pengetahuan menjadi praktik. 33 Selain itu, penelitian oleh Mosavel menunjukkan bahwa wujud sikap seperti "penyakit kanker serviks adalah takdir" merupakan hal yang fatal dan berkaitan erat dengan sikap pasif terhadap upaya untuk melakukan deteksi dini. 34…”

Factors that influence the participation among women in Inspection Visual Acetic acid (IVA) test

“…The attitude and awareness of a person towards cervical cancer early detection programs is a common thread for turning knowledge into practice (Emre, Karakuş, & Nicole, 2018). Most of the respondents in this study had less knowledge but a supportive attitude towards early detection of cervical cancer, it might happen because attitude is an evaluation response that occurs when a person is exposed to stimulation.…”