Wizard of Oz Support throughout an Iterative Design Process

Dow, Steven P.; MacIntyre, Blair; Lee, J.; Oezbek, Christopher; Bolter, Jay David; Gandy, Maribeth

doi:10.1109/mprv.2005.93

Cited by 128 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The fourth step is the construction of a first design of the system that complies with the specification. Finally, the fifth step uses the so-called Wizard of Oz (WOZ) technique (Dow et al, 2005) to find the usage context of the preliminary design, which is incorporated into posterior designs in an iterative way. A case study: design of an interface of a smart home for the elderly…”

Section: Our Proposal To Design For Usabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing smart home interfaces for the elderly

Callejas

López-Cózar

2009

SIGACCESS Access. Comput.

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Section: Our Proposal To Design For Usabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing smart home interfaces for the elderly

Callejas

López-Cózar

2009

SIGACCESS Access. Comput.

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“…However, using user studies to support the development process is very expensive and time consuming. The employment of techniques like Wizard of Oz (Dow et al 2005;Carbini et al 2006) for system design reduces the costs by avoiding the need for a functional prototype for testing purposes, but unfortunately it does not avoid the need for constant human intervention to obtain useful results. For these reasons, during the last decade many research groups have been attempting to find a way to automate these processes, leading to the appearance of the first simulated users in the late 90s.…”

Section: Previous Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the performance of spoken dialogue systems by means of an artificially simulated user

2006

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This paper proposes a new technique to test the performance of spoken dialogue systems by artificially simulating the behaviour of three types of user (very cooperative, cooperative and not very cooperative) interacting with a system by means of spoken dialogues. Experiments using the technique were carried out to test the performance of a previously developed dialogue system designed for the fast-food domain and working with two kinds of language model for automatic speech recognition: one based on 17 prompt-dependent language models, and the other based on one prompt-independent language model. The use of the simulated user enables the identification of problems relating to the speech recognition, spoken language understanding, and dialogue management components of the system. In particular, in these experiments problems were encountered with the recognition and understanding of postal codes and addresses and with the lengthy sequences of repetitive confirmation turns required to correct these errors. By employing a simulated user in a range of different experimental conditions sufficient data can be generated to support a systematic analysis of potential problems and to enable fine-grained tuning of the system.

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“…WOZ is primarily used in the field of human-computer (Dow et al, 2005) and human-robot interaction (Riek, 2012) and refers to an experimental design in which users believe that a system is behaving autonomously, but behind the scenes it is actually operated to some degree by a human. This is noteworthy in this context, since participants' beliefs can be influenced by their expectations or preconceived notions (Nunez & Blake, 2003)-this concept is generally referred to as priming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unified Framework for Individualized Avatar-Based Interactions

Nagendran

Pillat

Kavanaugh

et al. 2014

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

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This paper presents a framework to interactively control avatars in remote environments. The system, called AMITIES, serves as the central component that connects people controlling avatars (inhabiters), various manifestations of these avatars (surrogates), and people interacting with these avatars (participants). A multiserver-client architecture, based on a low-demand network protocol, connects the participant environment(s), the inhabiter station(s), and the avatars. A human-in-the-loop metaphor provides an interface for remote operation, with support for multiple inhabiters, multiple avatars, and multiple participants. Custom animation blending routines and a gesture-based interface provide inhabiters with an intuitive avatar control paradigm. This gesture control is enhanced by genres of program-controlled behaviors that can be triggered by events or inhabiter choices for individual or groups of avatars. This mixed (agency and gesture-based) control paradigm reduces the cognitive and physical loads on the inhabiter while supporting natural bidirectional conversation between participants and the virtual characters or avatar counterparts, including ones with physical manifestations, for example, robotic surrogates. The associated system affords the delivery of personalized experiences that adapt to the actions and interactions of individual users, while staying true to each virtual character's personality and backstory. In addition to its avatar control paradigm, AMITIES provides processes for character and scenario development, testing, and refinement. It also has integrated capabilities for session recording and event tagging, along with automated tools for reflection and after-action review. We demonstrate effectiveness by describing an instantiation of AMITIES, called TeachLivE, that is widely used by colleges of education to prepare new teachers and provide continuing professional development to existing teachers. Finally, we show the system's flexibility by describing a number of other diverse applications, and presenting plans to enhance capabilities and application areas.

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Wizard of Oz Support throughout an Iterative Design Process

Cited by 128 publications

References 3 publications

Designing smart home interfaces for the elderly

Designing smart home interfaces for the elderly

Testing the performance of spoken dialogue systems by means of an artificially simulated user

A Unified Framework for Individualized Avatar-Based Interactions

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