Winter Radiation Extinction and Reflection in a Boreal Pine Canopy: Measurements and Modelling

Modeling Forest Cover Influences on Snow Accumulation, Sublimation, and Melt

“…The average maximum accumulation for the open catchment was 146 mm, suggesting that in this climate (where blowing snow is unimportant), low LAIЈ forests will have similar maximum snow accumulation to open sites. This is consistent with the observations of forest effects on maximum snow accumulation found in a literature survey of North American measurements by Pomeroy and Gray (1995) and predictive equations by Kuz'min (1960) and Pomeroy et al (2002).…”

Snowmelt energy balance in a burned forest plot, Crowsnest Pass, Alberta, Canada

“…The dominant energy balance component contributing to snowmelt in the control plot was Q *, similar to studies in boreal forests (Price and Dunne, 1976; Pomeroy and Dion, 1996; Link and Marks, 1999). As in beetle‐killed and cleared stands, wildfire disturbance resulted in negative L *, as L ↑ from the snow surface was not compensated by L ↓ from the forest canopy (Boon, 2009); therefore, the dominant energy balance component contributing to snowmelt in the burned plot was K *.…”

Comparison of spectral surface albedos and their impact on the general circulation model simulated surface climate

“…This method (hereinafter called M1) is based on the following assumptions: (1) A relationship between snow water equivalent and snow cover fraction as in ECHAM4; (2) A linear relationship between surface temperature and snow albedo as in ECHAM4 (section 2); (3) A forest fraction retrieved from the ECHAM4 global surface boundary fields; (4) An albedo of snow‐free evergreen needleleaf forest equal to 0.13 [ Claussen et al , 1994; Briegleb et al , 1986]; (5) An albedo of snow‐free tundra equal to 0.17 [ Claussen et al , 1994; Briegleb et al , 1986]; (6) A snow‐covered forest albedo equal to 0.2. This value is confirmed by observations presented by Harding and Pomeroy [1996], Pomeroy and Dion [1996], and Hedstrom and Pomeroy [1998]; (7) A snow water equivalent derived from the global snow depth climatology of the U.S. Air Force Environmental Technical Application Center (USAF/ ETAC) as documented in Foster and Davy [1988] (1.0° × 1.0° resolution). Transformation from snow depth into snow water equivalent according to Verseghy [1991].…”