Winter Injury to Grapevine Secondary Phloem and Cambium Impairs Budbreak, Cambium Activity, and Yield Formation

Antivilo, Francisco Gonzalez; Paz, Rosalía Cristina; Tognetti, Jorge Alberto; Keller, Markus; Cavagnaro, M; Barrio, Eduardo Enrique; Juñent, Fidel Alejandro Roig

doi:10.1007/s00344-019-10051-w

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thus, grapevines may be apt to re-establish new phloem tissue under production settings, given the presence of live, healthy buds. Contrastingly, severe phloem and cambium damage reduces survival and yield components of grapevines [23]. Within evaluated, North Dakota-grown, surviving genotypes there was likely damage to conductive tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivar Winter Injury and Trunk Re-Establishment Following Severe Weather Events in North Dakota

et al. 2020

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Extreme winter temperatures during the 2018–2019 dormant season contributed to trunk collapse and complete trunk death of numerous genotypes throughout a diverse grapevine planting in eastern North Dakota, USA. Through the early portion of the dormant season, 12 genotypes were screened to identify lethal temperature exotherms of primary buds; from these results, none were anticipated to be fully prepared to survive the −37 °C minimum temperature recorded in the region. Trunk collapse, death, and survival were monitored for 35 replicated genotypes. New trunks were retrained from suckers and monitored for growth following trunk removal. Only five genotypes exceeded 50% trunk survival at the end of the 2019 growing season, ‘Valiant’, ‘King of the North’, ‘John Viola’, ‘Baltica’, and ‘Bluebell’. Following re-establishment, ‘La Crescent’ was the most vigorous genotype with the largest sucker circumference, sucker length, and internode length. Nearly all genotypes evaluated produced suckers with lengths approaching the high-wire trellis height (1.8 m), designating their potential for cordon retraining in 2020. Cumulatively, however, the lethal temperature exotherm results and the trunk survival examination indicate a harrowing need for investigation of new management practices (such as protected training systems) and the generation of new cold-hardy genotypes to enhance productivity under standard unprotected systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Yield loss can be attributed to phloem damage because of freezing temperatures [23]. These winter freeze events, which alter the grapevine phloem, can reduce vigor (shorter, weaker shoots, with smaller, less expanded leaves), berry number per cluster, and lead to delayed grapevine phenology [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivar Winter Injury and Trunk Re-Establishment Following Severe Weather Events in North Dakota

et al. 2020

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“…This reversible inactivity begins with the sieve tubes developing a provisional callus before the onset of winter dormancy, and terminates in the spring with the sieve tubes acquiring the same characteristics of active elements as when first differentiated from the cambium [45]. Once the cambium is activated during the early stages of the growing season, it begins to generate new phloematic tissues that will mature by the end of the season, when the phloem of the previous year will begin a process of loss of functionality and obliteration [46]. Occlusion of dead, non-conducting sieve elements may occur from outgrowths of contiguous parenchyma cells known as tylosoids (tylose-like protrusions which do not grow through pits in secondary walls) [47].…”

Section: Phloem Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such protrusions may invade the lumina of inactive sieve elements or simply push the sieve element wall to one side, resulting in the collapse of the sieve element [28]. The growing season begins and ends with one ring of functional phloem, with the activity of the phloematic tissues generated during two consecutive growing seasons overlapping temporarily mid-season [45,46]. Early spring vegetative growth is driven by the translocation of carbohydrate reserves from perennial organs [48][49][50], which become available for budburst with the generation of auxins, degradation of callose, and reactivation of the phloem [51].…”

Section: Phloem Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Factors to Consider for Permanent Cordon Establishment and Maintenance

et al. 2021

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Decisions made during the establishment and reworking of permanent cordon arms may have long-term consequences on vineyard health and longevity. This review aims to summarise several of the important considerations that must be taken into account during cordon establishment and maintenance. Commonly practiced cordon training techniques such as wrapping developing arms tightly around the cordon wire may result in a constriction of the vascular system, becoming worse over time and disrupting the normal flow of water and nutrients. Studies have shown that other factors of cordon decline such as the onset of vascular diseases may be influenced by pre-existing stress conditions. Such conditions could be further exacerbated by water and heat stress events, an important consideration as these scenarios become more common under the influence of climate change. Vineyard sustainability may be improved by adopting cordon training techniques which promote long-term vitality and avoid a reduction in vine defence response and the costly, premature reworking of vines.

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“…It was revealed that the resistance of grapes to winter low temperatures correlates with the degree of maturation of tissues, their lignification and water content by the beginning of winter [16]. Winter hardiness of grapes is largely determined by the dynamics of the starch content in the shoots and buds, which is hydrolyzed during the winter to sugars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of adaptive responses of grapes to the action of abiotic stressors of the winter period

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this work is to study the formation of adaptive reactions of grapes to the action of stressors of the winter period, by physiological and biochemical parameters, to identify varieties that have increased adaptive abilities for use in breeding. Objects of research are grape varieties of different origins: Kristall (control), Dostoynyi, Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg, Aligote, Zarif. It was revealed that the increased resistance to winter stress conditions in the varieties Kristall, Dostoyny is achieved by a decrease in the water content of the buds by 9.09-10.40 %. In the varieties Vostorg, Dostoyny, Krasnostop AZOS adaptive resistance is achieved by increasing the starch content in the tissues of the shoots by 2.81-5.50 times in the pre-winter period. In varieties Krasnostop AZOS, Vostorg an important contribution to the formation of adaptive processes was made by water-soluble sugars, the content of which increased 2.82 and 2.89 times as a result of starch hydrolysis. An increase in the activity of peroxidase (2.49-2.75 times) indicated the instability of varieties Zarif, Aligote. Varieties Vostorg, Dostoynyi, Krasnostop AZOS have increased adaptive abilities in comparison with other studied varieties and are recommended for use in the breeding process.

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Winter Injury to Grapevine Secondary Phloem and Cambium Impairs Budbreak, Cambium Activity, and Yield Formation

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivar Winter Injury and Trunk Re-Establishment Following Severe Weather Events in North Dakota

Cold-Hardy Grape Cultivar Winter Injury and Trunk Re-Establishment Following Severe Weather Events in North Dakota

A Review of Factors to Consider for Permanent Cordon Establishment and Maintenance

Formation of adaptive responses of grapes to the action of abiotic stressors of the winter period

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