Wing shape and migration in shorebirds: a comparative study

Minias, Piotr; Meissner, Włodzimierz; Włodarczyk, Radosław; Ożarowska, Agnieszka; Piasecka, Anna; Kaczmarek, Krzysztof; Janiszewski, Tomasz

doi:10.1111/ibi.12262

Cited by 39 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Empirically, elongated wings have often been associated with behaviors requiring low cost flight strategies such as migration. For example, in shorebirds (Minias et al 2015) found a negative relationship between migration distance and wing roundedness, a result also consistent with passerines (Marchetti et al 1995;Outlaw 2011). On the opposite, shorter rounded wings generally enhance maneuverability during flight and are often associated with greater predator escape ability (Norberg and Rayner 1987;Betts and Wootton 1988;Srygley and Chai 1990;Fernández et al 2007).…”

Section: Wing Morphology and Microhabitatsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Morpho morphometrics: Shared ancestry and selection drive the evolution of wing size and shape inMorphobutterflies

et al. 2016

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Butterfly wings harbor highly diverse phenotypes and are involved in many functions. Wing size and shape result from interactions between adaptive processes, phylogenetic history, and developmental constraints, which are complex to disentangle. Here, we focus on the genus Morpho (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae, 30 species), which presents a high diversity of sizes, shapes, and color patterns. First, we generate a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of these 30 species. Next, using 911 collection specimens, we quantify the variation of wing size and shape across species, to assess the importance of shared ancestry, microhabitat use, and sexual selection in the evolution of the wings. While accounting for phylogenetic and allometric effects, we detect a significant difference in wing shape but not size among microhabitats. Fore and hindwings covary at the individual and species levels, and the covariation differs among microhabitats. However, the microhabitat structure in covariation disappears when phylogenetic relationships are taken into account. Our results demonstrate that microhabitat has driven wing shape evolution, although it has not strongly affected forewing and hindwing integration. We also found that sexual dimorphism of forewing shape and color pattern are coupled, suggesting a common selective force.

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Section: Wing Morphology and Microhabitatsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…For example, in shorebirds (Minias et al. ) found a negative relationship between migration distance and wing roundedness, a result also consistent with passerines (Marchetti et al. ; Outlaw ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Morpho morphometrics: Shared ancestry and selection drive the evolution of wing size and shape inMorphobutterflies

et al. 2016

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“…Despite being sedentary, the Azores Snipe does not show differences in the shape of the wing when compared with their migratory relatives. Although wing pointedness is correlated with migratory distance in shorebirds (Minias et al 2015), other selective pressures such as predation (Burns & Ydenberg 2002) or social selection (Fernandez & Lank 2007) may also influence wing shape. Because Snipe perform aerial displays during courtship, regardless of their migratory habits, it is possible that social selection is impeding modifications in the wing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed patterns of morphological adaptation to insularity in an aerial displaying bird, the Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago

Rodrigues

Andrade

Rodrigues

et al. 2018

Ibis

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On islands, colonizing birds may evolve behavioural and morphological adaptations to the new environment, often resulting in changes in body size and reduction or even total loss of flight. These island populations have therefore been used to test hypotheses related to adaptations for flight. However, in certain species in which flight is used not only in foraging and migration but also in mating displays, disentangling the effects of natural and social selection is difficult. Thus, sedentary populations of species that perform aerial displays (such as the Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago that breed in the Azores archipelago) may offer an opportunity to separate the effects of natural and social selection on morphology. If insular Common Snipe respond to the characteristic ecological context of oceanic islands, we expect them to differ from migratory conspecifics in body size and by having relatively smaller and more rounded wings. On the other hand, if social selection exerts a more powerful force over the morphology of this species, we expect that sedentary and migratory birds will not differ in flight‐related characters. We tested these hypotheses by comparing morphological characters measured on live Common Snipe captured in the Azores during the breeding season with those measured on migratory specimens hunted during autumn/winter in mainland Portugal. Sedentary Azorean birds were smaller and had relatively shorter tails but did not show the tendency for insular birds to possess more rounded wings as described in other taxa, including in the Azores. Bergman's rule might explain the difference in body size and shorter tails may be responsible for behavioural differences between populations. The lack of difference in wing shape might be explained by the need of the Common Snipe to perform aerial displays during courtship, suggesting an effect of social selection on the migratory strategy of this species.

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“…Irrespective of the migration strategy adopted by each species (jumps vs. hops), longer total migration distance requires not only higher energy input, but is also associated with more profound physiological and morphological adjustments (Piersma, 1998). Both fat load and total migration distance have been demonstrated to correlate with several morphological and physiological adaptations to migration in shorebirds, such as haemoglobin concentration (Minias, Kaczmarek, Włodarczyk, & Janiszewski, 2013) and wing shape (Minias, Meissner, et al, 2015).…”

Section: Migratory Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocyte profiles are associated with longevity and survival, but not migratory effort: A comparative analysis of shorebirds

2017

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Assessment of leukocyte profiles has become an increasingly popular tool in the fields of ecology and ecophysiology. The ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L ratio) is of special utility, as it reflects physiological adaptation of an organism to cope either with an infection through injury (via heterophils) or a communicable disease (via lymphocytes). Thus, elevated H/L ratios may constitute an adaptation to risky environments (i.e. associated with high risk of injury). While intra‐population variation in avian H/L ratio has been extensively studied, we are aware of no studies that linked this trait to life‐history components at the interspecific level. We measured H/L ratio in over 400 shorebirds from 19 species during their autumn migration through Central Europe. Phylogenetically informed comparative methods were used to test whether H/L ratio was related to: (1) annual survival and life span; (2) migratory effort, as measured with total migration distance and migratory energy reserves and (3) confounding variables such as body size or breeding latitude. A relatively strong phylogenetic signal and spatial phylogenetic autocorrelation indicated that most diversification in shorebird H/L ratios occurred relatively early in radiation of this group. Comparative analysis gave strong support for the negative associations of H/L ratio with residual life span and annual survival. In contrast, we found no support for the effect of migratory behaviour on H/L ratios, suggesting that leukocyte profiles in shorebirds may not constitute an important physiological adaptation for long‐distance migration. Our study provided the first comparative evidence for a link between H/L ratios and important life‐history traits in birds. Strong negative associations with annual survival and residual life span indicate that leukocyte profiles may form an adaptive basis for life‐history strategies in birds. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.12991/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Wing shape and migration in shorebirds: a comparative study

Cited by 39 publications

References 51 publications

Morpho morphometrics: Shared ancestry and selection drive the evolution of wing size and shape inMorphobutterflies

Morpho morphometrics: Shared ancestry and selection drive the evolution of wing size and shape inMorphobutterflies

Mixed patterns of morphological adaptation to insularity in an aerial displaying bird, the Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago

Leukocyte profiles are associated with longevity and survival, but not migratory effort: A comparative analysis of shorebirds

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