Winery by-products: Extraction optimization, phenolic composition and cytotoxic evaluation to act as a new source of scavenging of reactive oxygen species

Abstract

Nearly 20 million tons of winery by-products, with many biological activities, are discarded each year in the world. The extraction of bioactive compounds from Chenin Blanc, Petit Verdot, and Syrah grape by-products, produced in the semi-arid region in Brazil, was optimized by a Central Composite Rotatable Design. The phenolic compounds profile, antioxidant capacity against synthetic free radicals (DPPH and ABTS), reactive oxygen species (ROS; peroxyl radical, superoxide radical, hypochlorous acid), cytotoxicity assay (MTT) and quantification of TNF-α production in RAW 264.7 cells were conducted. Gallic acid, syringic acid, procyanidins B1 and B2, catechin, epicatechin, epicatechin gallate, quercetin 3-β-d-glucoside, delfinidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and malvidin 3-glucoside were the main phenolic compounds identified. In general, rachis showed higher antioxidant capacity than pomace extract, especially for Chenin Blanc. All extracts showed low cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells and Petit Verdot pomace suppressed TNF-α liberation in vitro. Therefore, these winery by-products can be considered good sources of bioactive compounds, with great potential for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

In vitro and cellular activities of the selected fruits residues for skin aging treatment

“…Researchers are actively exploring new methods for the valorization of fruit residues into valueadded specialty ingredients, with sustainable waste management being a key benefit (Berto et al 2015, Jorge et al 2016, Melo et al 2015, Sung et al 2015. As Thailand is a major fruit producer and exporter, waste from several economically important fruit types (litchi, rambutan and tamarind) was selected and screened for its potential as a source of safe and efficient actives for application in the cosmetic industry.…”

“…Therefore, utilizing this waste as a source of new health product NATTAYA LOURITH et al ingredients, such as phenolics or cosmetic actives, will add value to the food supply chain and streamline waste management processes due to lowering treatment and disposal costs (Matharu et al 2016). Accordingly, the screening of byproducts from industrial crops for pharmaceutical actives, including cosmetic agents, is an area of considerable promise (Berto et al 2015, Jorge et al 2016, Melo et al 2015, Sung et al 2015. Litchi (Litchi chinensis), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) and sweet tamarind (Tamarindus indica) are grown in abundance as fruit crops in Thailand , Pongpunyayuen and Lourith 2011.…”

“…Litchi (Litchi chinensis), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) and sweet tamarind (Tamarindus indica) are grown in abundance as fruit crops in Thailand , Pongpunyayuen and Lourith 2011. Utilizing waste from such crops as the basis for value-added materials (Melo et al 2015) is challenging, but of considerable importance towards achieving the goal of zero-waste production (Matharu et al 2016).…”

Ripe Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata miller) fruits express high contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity

“…In the different maturity stages, the fruit pulps were homogenized and submitted to the following analyzes, in triplicates: a) soluble solids (SS) content: quantified in the pulp by direct reading in digital refractometer (Atago PR-101, Palette), and the results were expressed in ºBrix (AOAC, 2012); b) titratable acidity (TA): according to methodology described by AOAC (2012); the results were expressed as citric acid percentages; c) SS/TA ratio: obtained by the ratio between the SS and TA contents; d) pH: measured in liquefied samples using a potentiometer, according to the methodology described by the AOAC (2012); e) content of total chlorophylls and carotenoids: determined by the method described by Lichtenthaler (1987); f) content of yellow flavonoids: determined according to the methodology described by Francis (1982); g) total phenolic compounds (WOISKY; SALATINO, 1998); h) antioxidant capacity by sequestration of the DPPH and ABTS free radicals (RUFINO et al, 2007) and ORAC method (MELO et al, 2015).…”

Antioxidant Activity of Spray-Dried Extracts of Psidium guajava Leaves

“…The ORAC assay was carried out according to the procedure described by Melo et al (2015), with some modifications. Briefly, the test-samples (30 μL) were mixed with fluorescein (60 μL of a 508 nM solution prepared in 75 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4) in 96-well dark plates.…”