Wind Stress Measurements from the Open Ocean Corrected for Airflow Distortion by the Ship

Yelland, Margaret J.; Moat, Ben; Taylor, Peter K.; Pascal, R. W.; Hutchings, Jack; Cornell, V.

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<1511:wsmfto>2.0.co;2

Cited by 206 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In parallel, the wave field is modified by the feedback between wave and wind stress. During the energetic wind event selected, H s is lower in comparison to the uncoupled case (CHK), consistent with other numerical experiments (Webber et al, 1993;Warner et al, 2010;Olabarrieta et al, 2012) and observational investigations (Yelland et al, 1998;Edson, 2008), which found that the momentum flux is underestimated using the Charnock constant parameter. Unfortunately, the lack of measurements offshore of the observational point (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ocean–atmosphere–wave characterisation of a wind jet (Ebro shelf, NW Mediterranean Sea)

Grifoll

Navarro

Pallarés

et al. 2016

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. In this contribution the wind jet dynamics in the northern margin of the Ebro River shelf (NW Mediterranean Sea) are investigated using coupled numerical models. The study area is characterised by persistent and energetic offshore winds during autumn and winter. During these seasons, a seaward wind jet usually develops in a ∼ 50 km wide band offshore. The COAWST (Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport) modelling system was implemented in the region with a set of downscaling meshes to obtain high-resolution meteooceanographic outputs. Wind, waves and water currents were compared with in situ observations and remote-sensingderived products with an acceptable level of agreement. Focused on an intense offshore wind event, the modelled wind jet appears in a limited area offshore with strong spatial variability. The wave pattern during the wind jet is characterised by the development of bimodal directional spectra, and the ocean circulation tends to present well-defined twolayer flow in the shallower region (i.e. inner shelf). The outer shelf tends to be dominated by mesoscale dynamics such as the slope current. Due to the limited fetch length, ocean surface roughness considering sea state (wave-atmosphere coupling) modifies to a small extent the wind and significant wave height under severe cross-shelf wind events. However, the coupling effect in the wind resource assessment may be relevant due to the cubic relation between the wind intensity and power.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ocean–atmosphere–wave characterisation of a wind jet (Ebro shelf, NW Mediterranean Sea)

Grifoll

Navarro

Pallarés

et al. 2016

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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“…The linear predictor included an intercept, a linear trend on time and sine and cosine waves to represent the seasonal cycle Yelland & Taylor, 1996;and Yelland et al, 1998;. Wind stress is a proxy of wind surface mixing and turbulence, so increased wind stress is related to an increased mixed layer ventilation and nutrient renewal, as well as deeper phytoplankton entrainment, and, in principle, higher dilution and lower encounter rates with grazers (Irigoien et al, 2005;Behrenfeld, 2010 (1998).…”

Section: Data Sources and Data Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonality of North Atlantic phytoplankton from space: impact of environmental forcing on a changing phenology (1998–2012)

Taboada

Anadón

2014

Global Change Biology

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Seasonal pulses of phytoplankton drive seasonal cycles of carbon fixation and particle sedimentation, and might condition recruitment success in many exploited species. Taking advantage of long-term series of remotely sensed chlorophyll a (1998-2012), we analysed changes in phytoplankton seasonality in the North Atlantic Ocean. Phytoplankton phenology was analysed based on a probabilistic characterization of bloom incidence. This approach allowed us to detect changes in the prevalence of different seasonal cycles and, at the same time, to estimate bloom timing and magnitude taking into account uncertainty in bloom detection. Deviations between different sensors stressed the importance of a prolonged overlap between successive missions to ensure a correct assessment of phenological changes, as well as the advantage of semi-analytical chlorophyll algorithms over empirical ones to reduce biases. Earlier and more intense blooms were detected in the subpolar Atlantic, while advanced blooms of less magnitude were common in the Subtropical gyre. In the temperate North Atlantic, spring blooms advanced their timing and decreased in magnitude, whereas fall blooms delayed and increased their intensity. At the same time, the prevalence of locations with a single autumn/winter bloom or with a bimodal seasonal cycle increased, in consonance with a poleward expansion of subtropical conditions. Changes in bloom timing and magnitude presented a clear signature of environmental factors, especially wind forcing, although changes on incident photosynthetically active radiation and sea surface temperature were also important depending on latitude. Trends in bloom magnitude matched changes in mean chlorophyll a during the study period, suggesting that seasonal peaks drive long-term trends in chlorophyll a concentration. Our results link changes in North Atlantic climate with recent trends in the phenology of phytoplankton, suggesting an intensification of these impacts in the near future.

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“…However, it can be seen that these ID results are very similar to previous open-ocean data. 1,22 Data from the ship's navigation system has not yet been synchronised with the fast-response sensor data. This requires comparison of the data from the MotionPak rate sensor with rate-of-change of heading from the ship's gyro.…”

Section: Momentum Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The momentum flux is the best understood. Over the open ocean the drag coefficient shows a roughly linear increase with wind speed and its magnitude is known to within about 10% for wind speeds up to about 30m/s (the limit to which direct measurements of the fluxes have been made 1,2,3 ). At higher winds the uncertainty is much greater since there are no direct flux measurements, but there is some evidence suggesting the drag coefficient becomes constant.…”

Section: Introduction Science Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

AutoFlux: an autonomous system for the direct measurement of the air-sea fluxes of CO₂, heat and momentum

Yelland

Pascal

Taylor

et al. 2009

Journal of Operational Oceanography

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Wind Stress Measurements from the Open Ocean Corrected for Airflow Distortion by the Ship

Cited by 206 publications

References 27 publications

Ocean–atmosphere–wave characterisation of a wind jet (Ebro shelf, NW Mediterranean Sea)

Ocean–atmosphere–wave characterisation of a wind jet (Ebro shelf, NW Mediterranean Sea)

Seasonality of North Atlantic phytoplankton from space: impact of environmental forcing on a changing phenology (1998–2012)

AutoFlux: an autonomous system for the direct measurement of the air-sea fluxes of CO₂, heat and momentum

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Wind Stress Measurements from the Open Ocean Corrected for Airflow Distortion by the Ship

Cited by 206 publications

References 27 publications

Ocean–atmosphere–wave characterisation of a wind jet (Ebro shelf, NW Mediterranean Sea)

Ocean–atmosphere–wave characterisation of a wind jet (Ebro shelf, NW Mediterranean Sea)

Seasonality of North Atlantic phytoplankton from space: impact of environmental forcing on a changing phenology (1998–2012)

AutoFlux: an autonomous system for the direct measurement of the air-sea fluxes of CO2, heat and momentum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

AutoFlux: an autonomous system for the direct measurement of the air-sea fluxes of CO₂, heat and momentum