Wind Speeds as Measured by Cup and Sonic Anemometers and Influenced by Tower Structure

Izumi, Yutaka; Barad, Morton L.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1970)009<0851:wsambc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Flow distortion of atmospheric data is a long-standing problem (Dyer, 1973;Hunt, 1973;Izumi and Barad, 1970;Wieringa, 1980;Wucknitz, 1980;Wyngaard, 1981Wyngaard, , 1988Wyngaard and Zhang, 1985;Wyngaard, 1988). For eddy fluxes, the "tilt" method (e.g., Smith, 1974) is the most common correction.…”

Section: Removing the Influence Of Local Flow Distortion From Mpn Winmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea surface wind stress and drag coefficients: The hexos results

Smith

Anderson

Oost

et al. 1992

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

393

262

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Abstract. Turbulent fluxes have been measured in the atmospheric surface layer from a boom extending upwind from the Dutch offshore research platform Meetpost Noordwijk (MPN) during HEXMAX (Humidity Exchange over the Sea Main Experiment) in October-November, 1986. We started out to study eddy flux of water vapour, but discrepancies among simultaneous measurements made with three different anemometers led us to develop methods to correct eddy correlation measurements of wind stress for flow distortion by nearby objects. We then found excellent agreement among the corrected wind stress data sets from the three anemometers on the MPN boom and with eddy correlation measurements from a mast on a tripod. Inertial-dissipation techniques gave reliable estimates of wind stress from turbulence spectra, both at MPN and at a nearby ship. The data cover a range of wave ages and the results yield new insights into the variation of sea surface wind stress with sea state; two alternative formulas are given for the nondimensional surface roughness as a function of wave age.

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Section: Removing the Influence Of Local Flow Distortion From Mpn Winmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea surface wind stress and drag coefficients: The hexos results

Smith

Anderson

Oost

et al. 1992

Boundary-Layer Meteorol

393

262

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“…However, errors in the measurement of wind velocity have come from the effects of the mast or tower used for supporting the instruments. The so-called "tower effects" have been studied by many authors, such as Sanuki et al (1955), Rider (1966), Shiotani and Takahashi (1962), Thornthwaite et al (1962), Borovenko et al (1963), Gill et al (1967), Mollo-Christensen (1967), Dabberdt (1968aDabberdt ( , 1968b, Cermak and Horn (1968), Camp and Kaufman (1970) and Izumi and Barad (1970). General findings from the studies of these authors are as follows : 1) On the windward side of a tower the wind speed decreases, although the speed measured on the transverse side of the tower increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disturbed Wind Fields around the Obstacle in Sheared Flow near the Ground Surface

Kondo

Naito

1972

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Wind distribution in the neighborhood of an obstacle near the ground surface was measured. In the present study there are used a circular cylinder, a square pillar, the Marine Tower of ourInstitute, and a model of the tower which is reduced on the scale of one to twelve. Wind decrement on the windward side and wind increment on the transverse side of the obstacle are noted.The distribution of wind velocity around a square pillar corresponds to that around a circular cylinder with a diameter from 1.55 to 1.6 times as large as the side length of the square. At some height above the ground surface the wind pattern on the windward side of the circular cylinder is almost represented by the potential solution for an ideal inviscid fluid, but in the layer close to the ground surface the effect of an obstacle in the wind field is considerably greater than that predicted by the potential solution.

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“…The ratio is almost constant and unity for wind speed higher than 5m/ s. Strictly, the mean ratio at higher wind speed is a little larger than one and is about 1.02 for above 7m/ s. This may be caused by the over speeding of the cup anemometer caused by fluctuations of wind (Izumi andBarad, 1970 andGill, 1973). Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 85%