Will developing countries become pollution havens for developed countries? An empirical investigation in the Belt and Road

Cai, Xiang; Che, Xiahui; Zhu, Bangzhu; Zhao, Juan; Xie, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.291

Cited by 168 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Developing countries along the B&R should be cautious about adopting the "pollute first, clean up later" growth strategy [51], which could result in permanent damage made to the natural environment and society that cannot be recovered fully even at high costs. A study of carbon emissions induced by exports and imports between B&R countries shows that China has become a pollution haven for 22 developed countries, and 19 developing countries have become China's pollution havens [52]. Future studies should identify a role model and examine effective mechanisms that developing countries along the B&R can follow and apply to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The United States’ Clothing Imports from Asian Countries along the Belt and Road: An Extended Gravity Trade Model with Application of Artificial Neural Network

Chan

Yip

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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In 2013, China announced the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which aims to promote the connectivity of Asia, Europe, and Africa and deepen mutually beneficial economic cooperation among member countries. Past studies have reported a positive impact of the BRI on trade between China and its partner countries along the Belt and Road (B&R). However, less is known about its effect on the sectoral trade between the B&R countries and countries that show little support of the BRI. To address that gap, this study examines the changing patterns of clothing imports by the United States (US) from China and 14 B&R countries in Asia. An extended gravity model with a policy variable BRI is built to explain bilateral clothing trade flow. A panel regression model and artificial neural network (ANN) are developed based on the data collected from 1998 to 2018 and applied to predict the trade pattern of 2019. The results show a positive effect of the BRI on the clothing exports of some Asian developing countries along the B&R to the US and demonstrate the superior predictive power of the ANN. More research is needed to examine the balance between economic growth and the social and environmental sustainability of developing countries and to apply more advanced machine learning algorithms to examine global trade flow under the BRI.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The United States’ Clothing Imports from Asian Countries along the Belt and Road: An Extended Gravity Trade Model with Application of Artificial Neural Network

Chan

Yip

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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“…At this stage, the research on environmental regulation and comparative advantage has been ample, but the conclusions have differed. Some scholars have suggested that enhanced environmental regulation can significantly affect a country's comparative advantage of trade [8,9]. Cole et al [10] conducted an empirical study using the data of 41 industries in Japan and found that environmental regulations would affect the Japan's comparative advantage of trade, thereby having an impact on import patterns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Regulation, Trade Comparative Advantage, and the Manufacturing Industry’s Green Transformation and Upgrading

Gong

You

Wang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This paper is the first to systematically review the theoretical mechanisms of environmental regulation and trade comparative advantage that affect the green transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry. On this basis, corresponding hypotheses are put forward. The non-radial and non-angle SBM (slacks-based measure) efficiency measurement model with undesirable outputs was used, combined with the use of the ML (green total factor productivity index) productivity index to measure green total factor productivity. Finally, the theoretical hypothesis was empirically tested using data from 27 manufacturing industries in China from 2005 to 2017. The results show the following: (1) There is a significant inverted U-shaped curve relationship between environmental regulation and the transformation of the manufacturing industry. In other words, as environmental regulation increases, its impact on the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry is first promoted and then suppressed. (2) When there are no environmental regulations, the trade comparative advantage of the manufacturing industry is not conducive to industrial transformation. However, under the constraints of environmental regulations, the comparative advantage of trade will significantly promote the green transformation and upgrading of manufacturing. Therefore, in order to effectively promote transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing, this paper proposes the following policy recommendations: (1) The Chinese government should pay more attention to the impact of environmental regulation intensity on the transformation of manufacturing industries, further increase the intensity of environmental regulation within the reasonable range, and fully exert the positive effects of environmental regulation on the trade patterns and manufacturing industry transformation. (2) We should further optimize the structure of trade, realize the diversification of manufacturing import and export, and promote its transformation into high-end manufacturing. On this basis, green production technology in the manufacturing industry can be improved through the technology spillover effect. (3) Efforts should be made to improve the level of collaborative development between environmental regulation and trade patterns and to explore the transformation path of the manufacturing industry with the integration of environmental regulation and trade patterns.

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“…The C-EM and C-LF estimated results for both equations in panels A and B uncovers some latent pragmatic dynamics. The indicated results of the EKC hypothesis is valid in the 22 (9 developing and 13 developed) countries [27, 66]. However, the C-LF presence is higher in the developing countries and employed to all robust results.…”

Section: Finding and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural production and CO2 emissions causes in the developing and developed countries: New insights from quantile regression and decomposition analysis

Khan

2020

Preprint

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Agriculture is the dominant economic activity of the economies. The developing and developed countries are responsible for the most greenhouse gasses emitted in the developing areas. Are there heterogeneous determinants of environmental degradation and CO2 emitters in developing and developed countries? and estimating the significance of agricultural production, renewable energy consumption, the industrial revolution, and economic growth. In this study, 22 countries’ environmental degradation analyze by two (per-capita and liquid) sources of CO2 emissions and using panel data from 1991 through 2016. This study adopts a panel regression (non-additive effects) and quantile regression techniques to explore the connection between agriculture and economic factors. And the extent of the CO2 emitter gap between developing and developed countries. The outcome of agriculture has a positive and significant influence on CO2 emission from liquid with a 36.75% increase in environmental degradation and a negative impact on CO2 emission in the total emissions by 19.12%. The agriculture-related activities negatively influence the environment, such as deforestation for feed cropping, burning of biomass, and deep soil cropping in the developing countries. Furthermore, the quantiles decomposition procedure in agriculture production is signifying heterogeneity of the determinants of environmental degradation, low and high CO2 emitters.

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Will developing countries become pollution havens for developed countries? An empirical investigation in the Belt and Road

Cited by 168 publications

References 38 publications

The United States’ Clothing Imports from Asian Countries along the Belt and Road: An Extended Gravity Trade Model with Application of Artificial Neural Network

The United States’ Clothing Imports from Asian Countries along the Belt and Road: An Extended Gravity Trade Model with Application of Artificial Neural Network

Environmental Regulation, Trade Comparative Advantage, and the Manufacturing Industry’s Green Transformation and Upgrading

Agricultural production and CO2 emissions causes in the developing and developed countries: New insights from quantile regression and decomposition analysis

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