Wildrice (Zizania L.) in North America: Genetic Resources, Conservation, and Use

Porter, R. A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97121-6_3

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The initial processing activities required to maintain a high degree of viability during storage, the placement of the species in conditions that enable their survival over long periods, and the periodic regeneration/multiplication of accessions are all generally more challenging and more expensive for wild plants than for crops. Research at the species and even at the population/accession level is often needed to develop appropriate protocols (Hellier 2018;Walters et al 2018), particularly for challenging taxa such as the wildrices (Zizania L.) (Porter 2018). Some plant species, especially the perennials, can be maintained as specimens in botanic gardens or in conservation fields to avoid some of these challenges, but available space and management costs constrain the ability to curate a broad range of infraspecific diversity with these methods.…”

Section: Ex Situmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and Use of the North American Plant Cornucopia: The Way Forward

Khoury

Greene

Williams

et al. 2019

North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 2

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The pages of this extensive book document the potential of a great many North American plants to enhance the productivity, sustainability, and nutritional quality of crops or to be further developed into important cultivated species in their own right. But this potential can only be realized if the plants are adequately conserved to ensure their survival and availability for research, invested in to promote their development, and marketed so as to be attractive to producers and consumers. We outline some of the key steps needed to boost the conservation and use of our regional cornucopia. In situ and ex situ conservation of North America's useful plants are being accomplished by a variety of institutions with different mandates, but habitat destruction and other threats to wild populations continue to negatively impact many species. Information sharing, coordinating efforts, filling research gaps for wild plants, and increasing support for conservation will be necessary to more comprehensively safeguard these plants and to make them available for use. Technologies enabling more efficient exploration of the diversity within these species are rapidly advancing and offer the potential to contribute to quick advances in improvement of cultivars, but considerable further research and partnerships are needed to generate and share the results widely. Marketing of new crops can take advantage of the increasing public interest in diverse and nutritious foods, learning from successful collaborations between producers, researchers, and consumers. As a whole, North America already possesses a strong foundation from which the conservation and use of its flora can be enhanced. This includes many protected areas, strong conservation institutions, innovative research, and the willingness to collaborate across fields, institutions, and borders. There are still many silos that need to be broken down and reorganized through innovative partnerships to better conserve and benefit from the North American cornucopia. But given the incredible diversity of interesting and useful plants in the region, the remarkable efforts for many decades by many organizations to care for these plants and share them with humanity, and the increasing public interest in more diverse, healthy, and resilient food and agricultural systems, there is reason for hope.

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Section: Ex Situmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation and Use of the North American Plant Cornucopia: The Way Forward

Khoury

Greene

Williams

et al. 2019

North American Crop Wild Relatives, Volume 2

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show abstract

“…Historically, O. sativa has served as a model species for comparative mapping within the grass family given its relatively small genome size and conservation of gene content and relative gene order among the grasses (Zhang et al ., 2004). As a part of the Oryzeae tribe, members of the Zizania genus are considered crop wild relatives of O. sativa (Porter, 2019), and techniques including hybridization (Liu et al ., 1999; Shan et al ., 2005; Yang et al ., 2012), protoplast fusion (Liu et al ., 1999), and gene introduction (Abedinia et al ., 2000), have been utilized to introgress favorable traits from these species into O. sativa . Early comparative mapping studies in NWR revealed significant collinearity with O. sativa (Kennard et al ., 2000; Kahler et al ., 2014) as well as duplications in the copy number of two O. sativa Adh genes (Hass et al ., 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Genome Assembly and Annotation of Northern Wild Rice,Zizania palustrisL., Supports a Whole Genome Duplication in theZizaniaGenus

Haas

Kono

Macchietto

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Northern Wild Rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.) is an aquatic grass native to North America that is notable for its nutritious grain. This is an important species with ecological, cultural, and agricultural significance, specifically in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Using long- and short-range sequencing, Hi-C scaffolding, and RNA-seq data from eight tissues, we generated an annotated whole genome de novo assembly of NWR. The assembly is 1.29 Gb, highly repetitive (~76.0%), and contains 46,421 putative protein-coding genes. The expansion of retrotransposons within the genome and a whole genome duplication prior to the Zizania-Oryza speciation event have both led to an increase in genome size of NWR in comparison with O. sativa and Z. latifolia. Both events depict a genome rapidly undergoing change over a short evolutionary time. Comparative analyses revealed conservation of large syntenic blocks with Oryza sativa L., which were used to identify putative seed shattering genes. Estimates of divergence times revealed the Zizania genus diverged from Oryza ~26-30 million years ago (MYA), while NWR and Zizania latifolia diverged from one another ~6-8 MYA. Comparative genomics confirmed evidence of a whole genome duplication in the Zizania genus and provided support that the event was prior to the NWR-Z. latifolia speciation event. This high-quality genome assembly and annotation provides a valuable resource for comparative genomics in the Oryzeae tribe and provides an important resource for future conservation and breeding efforts of NWR.

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“…Breeding objectives have primarily focused on domestication traits such as shattering resistance and uniform plant maturity (Grombacher et al, 1997). However, due to the unique seed characteristics of this high-value, small commodity crop, adequate storage protocols to maintain seed viability and vigour are essential to breeding efforts (Kennard et al, 1999;Porter, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of variable storage conditions for cultivated northern wild rice and their effects on seed viability and dormancy

et al. 2020

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AbstractCultivated northern wild rice (NWR; Zizania palustris L.) has been bred and studied since the 1950s. One challenge facing researchers is the lack of storage options, due to the seed's unorthodox behaviour. This study evaluated varying storage temperature and moisture conditions for the maintenance of seed viability and dormancy breaking in Minnesota-grown NWR. First, seeds were placed in non-submerged, freezing storage (NSFS) for 12–26 weeks, then in submerged, cold storage (SCS) for 2 weeks. The addition of SCS increased germination (%G) relative to NSFS alone (<0.1% NSFS, 15% NSFS and SCS), indicating that NSFS does not kill seeds but also does not break seed dormancy. Next, the required length of SCS was evaluated by placing seeds in NSFS for 12 weeks and then in SCS for 2–14 weeks. A longer SCS period increased %G from 3 to 79%, at 2 and 14 weeks of SCS, respectively. Lastly, seeds were placed in NSFS, followed by SCS, at varying intervals over a 29-week period. Across lines, germination increased from 20 to 76% between 4 and 7 weeks of SCS, respectively, then plateaued. The results of this study indicate that NSFS could be used to store NWR seeds, but at least 7 weeks in SCS is required to overcome dormancy. Additionally, while NSFS did not break seed dormancy, physiological changes related to stratification processes were occurring in non-submerged, freezing conditions. Results also suggest that the genotypic variation in NWR could be utilized for selection to improve germination and storage viability.

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Wildrice (Zizania L.) in North America: Genetic Resources, Conservation, and Use

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Conservation and Use of the North American Plant Cornucopia: The Way Forward

Conservation and Use of the North American Plant Cornucopia: The Way Forward

Whole Genome Assembly and Annotation of Northern Wild Rice,Zizania palustrisL., Supports a Whole Genome Duplication in theZizaniaGenus

Investigation of variable storage conditions for cultivated northern wild rice and their effects on seed viability and dormancy

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